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uNiv.,<;irr  OF 

CALIFORNIA 

SAN  DIEGO 


presented  to  the 
UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
SAN  DIEGO 

by 
Douglas  Warren 


UNiyERSITY  Of  CAUFOBNIA   SAN  pi 


1822  02751  9107 


Social  Sciences  &  Humanities  Library 

University  of  California,  San  Diego 
Please  Note:  This  item  is  subject  to  recall. 

Date  Due 

^L-^'>IV^^> 

nil  1  0  ^OQ'' 

CI  39  (5/97)                                                                     UCSD  Lib. 

r  -" '  ■■' ' 


/  / 


„Art 
History 


'Midway  Plaipnce 


and 


■h'M^     World's 
'^mh     Columbian 


Wm^    Exposition 


FULLY  ILLUSTRATED 


Compiled  by 

Frank  H.  Smith 


Copyrighted  iSqj 
.  All  right!  reserved 


Published  by 
THE  FOSTER  PRESS 
Chicago 


PUBLISHED  BY 

THE  FOSTER  PRESS 

140-142  Monroe  Street 
CHICAGO 


Copyrighted  iSqj 


y. 


^^ 


perace 


FRANK  H.  SMITH 


Photo  by  Gibson 


"Sf'ir^J 


"1 


In  publishing;  this  History,  every  effort  has 
been  made  to  show  to  the  world  the 
wonders  and  beauties  of  Midway 
Plaisance  ^^;  i^i  g^^  ^^ 
The  illustrated  re\iew  of  the  W'orld's 
Columbian  Exposition  proper,  does 
not  pretend  to  be  a  full  account  of  that 
vast  enterprise,  but  the  eng;ra\'inos 
and  data  pertaining-  thereto  are  all 
that  could  be  desired  relati\'e  to  the 
construction,  cost  and  uses  of  these 
magnificent  structures  ly^®  .fei^ 
The  illustrations  of  the  Midway  Plais- 
ance herein  shown  are  absolutely  per- 
fect reproductions  of  the  various 
scenes,  haAing  been  made  from  pho- 
tographs   especially    taken    for    this 

^^■"^^  Frank  H.  Smith. 


Tl?e 


-W) 


ai^aoce" 


THE  STREET  OF  ALL  NA  TIONS 


The  spirit  of  greatness  of  the  Exposition  of  1893,  seemed  from  the 
very  inception  of  the  idea  to  permeate  the  whole  body  of  gentlemen  whose 
duty  it  was  to  prepare  for  the  entire  world  a  Fair  that  would  in  every  way 
surpass  anything  heretofore  undertaken  by  men.  Feeling  that  so  memo- 
rable an  anniversary  as  the  one  about  to  be  commemorated  would  cause 
the  arousing  of  the  whole  people  of  the  civilized  world,  their  plans  were 
made  accordingly. 


Wild  Bedouins  of  the  Desert 


After  securing  a  space  of  ground  five  times  as  large  as  that  occupied 
by  the  great  Paris  Exposition  of  1889,  and  knowing  intuitively  that  all  of 
this  space  would  be  taken  by  the  massive  structures  devoted  to  free  exhibits, 
and  knowing  further  that  so  great  an  enterprise  as  tliis  would  attract  from 
all  c|uarters  of  the  globe  a  large  concourse  of  exhibitors,  who  from  the 
nature  of  their  exhibits  would  be  compelled  to  charge  an  admission  fee — 
as  quite  a  few  of  these  concessionaires  must  of  necessity  employ  hundreds 
of  people — the  Directors  of  the  Exposition  at  once  set  about  to  procure  a 
suitable  piece  of  ground  on  which  to  place  so  large  an  aggregation. 


The  space  secured  for  these  most  interesting  exhibits  is  a  strip  of  land 
one  mile  long-  and  six  hundred  feet  wide,  running-  east  and  west,  and  form- 
ing- a  connection  between  Washington  and  Jackson  Parks.  It  is  called 
the  Midway  Plaisance,  but  might  very  properly  be  named  the  Human 
Kaleidoscope,  showing  as  it  does,  every  shade,  color  and  type  of 
humanit\-.  Here  are  seen  representatives  of  every  country  in  the  world, 
both  cixilized  and  barbarian.  Singhalese,  Chinese,  Soudanese,  Japanese, 
Nubians,  Arabs,  Turks,  Algerians,  Persians,  Syrians,  Tartars,  Hindoos, 
Burmese,  Fijians,  Samoans,  Kanakas,  Zulus,  Dahomeyans,  Esquimaux, 
Laplanders,  American  Indians;  and  English,  Germans,  Austrians,  Irish, 
French,  Bohemians,  Hungarians,  Roumanians,  Italians,  Spaniards,  Portu- 
gese, Musco\"ites,  Scandinavians,  Swiss  and  Americans  all  following  their 
se\-eral  vocations,  and  mingling  together  as  a  happy  family.  Truly  is  it  a 
wonderful  sight  to  see  this  great  gathering  of  nations.  The  beating  of 
tom-toms  and  blowing  of  reeds,  intermingled  with  the  classic  music  of  the 
more  adv^anced  nations,  is  at  times  a  foretaste  of  pandemonium  itself,  but 
withal  producing  a  happy  sensation  of  enjoyment  nowhere  else  experienced 

The  crowds  that  daily  fill  the  Plaisance  to  overflowing,  are  in  every 
sense  of  the  w^ord  cosmopolitan.  Here  is  seen  the  farmer,  mechanic, 
business  man,  professional  man,  gentlemen  of  leisure,  and  their  wives, 
mothers  and  sweethearts,  all  enjoying  themselves  in  a  w  ay  that  shows  a 
perfect  abandon  of  the  cares  of  life.  Seated  around  the  tables  of  the  many 
cafes  and  restaurants,  listening  to  music  both  good  and  bad,  chatting  over 
the  many  peculiar  experiences  they  ha\e  met  with  during  the  day,  the 
throngs  at  exening  present  an  appearance  of  jollity  and  pleasure  that  causes 
one  to  wish  the  Columbian  Exposition  would  last  always.  But  it  cannot 
last  always,  and  those  people  who  have  not  as  yet  \'isited  the  many 
wonderful  attractions  on  the  Plaisance,  and  enjoyed  the  sights  that  will 
never  again  be  presented  in  America  or  any  other  country  during  the  life- 
time of  the  present  population  of  the  earth,  will  fail  to  perform  the  solemn 
duty  they  owe  to  themseK-es;  and  to  those  who  from  circumstances  cannot 
visit  the  Exposition  the  illustrations  of  this  book  will  serxe  in  a  slight  way 
to  impress  them  with  the  beauties  and  greatness  of  this  veritable  fairyland. 

A  great  deal  of  "  newspaper  talk,"  meant  more  for  jest  than  fact,  has 
caused  a  great  many  people  to  misconstrue  the  purposes  and  aims  of  the 
Midway  Plaisance,  some  thinking  it  simply  a  "side-show."  The  idea 
cannot  be  to  quickly  erased  from  the  minds  of  the  unsophisticated,  as  on 
the  Midway  Plaisance  are  exhibits  mure  educational,  more  wonderful  and 
more  interesting  than  thousands  of  the  exhibits  shown  in  themain  Fair,  as 
the  following  description  of  the  leading  attractions  of  the  Midway  will  show. 


Cmr^i^topmcr  Coi.y^By3 


CHRISTOPHER  Columbus,  the  great  navig-ator  who  added  a 
new  hemisphere  to  our  globe,  was  probably  born  in 
Genoa,  in  March,  1447.  Though  virtually  the  greatest 
man  of  his  age,  there  is  little  definite  information  about  his 
family  and  his  early  life.  In  Lisbon,  in  1470,  he  married  the 
daughter  of  an  Italian,  named  Perestrello,  who  had  distin- 
guished himself  as  a  navigator  in  the  Portugese  service,  and 
with  her  obtained  some  valual)le  charts,  journals  and  memo- 
randa. In  August  I4Q2,  Columbus  sailed  from  Palos.  On  the 
twelfth  of  October  he  discovered  the  Bahama  Islands.  On 
March  15th,  1493,  he  returned  to  Spain.  Within  the  next 
twelve  years  Columbus  made  other  voyages,  adding  immensely 
to  his  \'aluable  discoveries.  On  May  20th,  1506,  this,  the 
world's  noblest  navigator,  died  at  Valladolid. 

Biography  furnishes  no  parallel  to  the  life  of  Christopher 
Columbus.  Great  men  there  have  been  who  have  met  with 
disappointment  and  injustice,  but  there  is  perhaps  no  other 
instance  of  a  great  man  whom  disappointment  and  injustice 
did  not  dishearten  and  disgust;  who  had  his  greatness  recog- 
nized in  his  lifetime,  and  yet  was  robbed  of  the  emoluments  it 
entitled  him  to,  and  who,  after  death,  had  the  honor  he  had  so 
hardly  won  conferred  upon  another.  But  four  hundred  years 
have  nearly  passed  since  Columbus  first  saw  America,  and  when 
that  day  shall  dawn,  within  the  gates  of  the  Columbian  Ex- 
position— in  its  streets  filled  with  illustrations  of  every  round 
of  the  ladder,  and  the  charts  of  e\ery  inxention  by  which 
man's  power  over  the  forces  of  nature  has  been  multiplied, 
and  in  the  mind  of  .students,  spanning  the  distance  between  the 
ox-team  and  the  lightning  epxress,  or  contrasting  the  hulks  of 
ancient  commerce  with  the  great  steamships  of  to-day,  will  be 
found  a  monument  grander  far  tlian  that  which  Ferdinand 
reared  in  memory  of  the  old  explorer. 


\^ 


'^C 


el's. 


,f  m^  3\ 


Archduke  Franz  Ferdinand 
ArchdukI'  Kari.  Ludwig  ArchduciiI'SS  Marii:  Theresta 


ROB'T.      B.     JENTZSCH  Photo  by  Gibson 

Director-General  Old  Vienna  and  Member  oj  Imperial  Austrian  Commission 

Mr.  Rob't  B.  Jentzsch,  a  nati\e  American,  but  now  a  resident  of  Vienna, 
Austria,  a  ci\il  engineer  of  international  reputation,  is  a  member  of 
the  Imperial  Austrian  Commission,  and  through  courtesy  and  patriotism 
to  the  Austrian  Empire,  accepted  the  arduous  duties  of  Director-General 
of  Old  Vienna.  This  position  he  has  filled  with  great  credit  to  himself  and 
honor  to  his  country.  His  untiring  efforts  and  phenomenal  energy  has 
placed  Old  X'ienna  as  the  crowning  success  of  Midway  Plaisance. 


South  Side  of  Court,  Old  Vienna 


Old  Vienna 


Of  the  numerous  attractions  on  the  Midway  Plaisance  there  is  none 
more  interesting;  than  "Old  Vienna,"  and  to  quote  Hon.  Carter  II. 
Harrison,  Mayor  of  Chicago,  "There  is  no  other  spot  in^or  about  the 
Columbian  Exposition  where  one  can  imagine  himself  in  the  old  world  as 
in  '  Old  Menna.'  " 


A  Glimpse  ix  Old  Vienna 

It  is  located  just  west  of  the  Ferris  Wheel,  and  from  its  very  quaint 
architectural  appearance,  one  cannot  fail  to  notice  it.  .  The  entire  structure 
both  externally  and  internally,  is  an  exact  re-production  of  \'ienna  in  the 
seventeenth  century. 

The  outer  walls  are  in  appearance  old  and  weather-beaten,  and  as 
H.  N.  Higinbotham,  President  of  the  Columbian  Exposition,  has  said  of 
it,  "  Has  a  flavor  of  ancient  times  that  is  peculiarly  pleasant." 

Upon  entering:  the  enclosure  one  is  struck  with  the  wonderful  pano- 
rama presented,  showing,  as  it  does,  a  square  in  Vienna,  Austria,  as  it  was 
two  hundred  years  ago.  The  quaint  shops  with  their  great  \ariety  of 
wares,  the  large  band  stand  in  the  center  of  the  court,  and  the  many 
exceptionally  fine  restaurants,  all  go  to  make  up  a  scene  nowhere  else 
encountered  on  the  American  continent.  Old  \'ienna  as  it  is  here  seen  is  a 
glimpse  into  fairyland. 

All  day  long  it  is  filled  w ith  throngs  of  \isitors,  but  with  the  coming 
of  dusk  thousands  of  people  gather  here  to  enjoy,  as  can  nowhere  else  be 


enjoyed  in  the  entire  Exposition  Grounds,  an  evening  of  solid  comfort  and 
unalloyed  happiness.  The  entire  place  seems  alive  with  pleasure.  The 
shop"^  keepers  are  busy  with  their  many  customers,  the  restaurants  are 
crowded  to  overflowing-,  in  fact,  apparently  there  is  not  a  spot  in  Old 
Vienna  but  what  is  occupied  with  happy  souls,  all  enjoying  themselves  in 
onelway  or  another,  amid  laughter  and  music. 


C.  M.  ZlEHRER 
Director  of  the  Imperial  Austrian  Band 


Occupying  the  band  stand  is  the  Imperial  Austrian  Band,  under  the 
leadership  of  that  world  famous  musician  and  composer,  C.  M.  Ziehrer. 
It  can  be  safely  stated  that  in  all  America  there  is  no  finer  band  to  be 
found  than  this  one,  and  but  very  few  that  can  even  compare  with  it.  In 
honor  of  his  visit  to  America  Ilerr  Ziehrer  has  composed  a  military  march, 
dedicating  it  to  the  President  of  the  I'nited  States;  it  is  "The  Columljian 
March,"  and  when  rendering  this  now  most  popular  piece  of  music,  the 


applause  of  the  multitude  is  simply  deafening-,  so  highly  is  it  appreciated. 
The  band  concerts  begin  daily  at  5  o'clock,  continuing  until  10. 

To  the  exceptionally  good  management  of  the  enterprise  is  mainly 
due  the  phenomenal  success  of  Old  Vienna. 

It  is  only  fair  to  state  that  the  continued  success  of  this  greatL'enter- 
prise  is  largely  due  to  the  rare  judgment  and  exceptional  business  ability 
of  the  merchants  and  restaurateurs  doing  business  in  Old  Vienna,  in 
supplying  the  wants  and  gratifying  the  tastes  of  the  army  of  daily  visitors. 


Emil  Bressler 

Architect  of  Old  Vienna 


Occupying^  a  large  portion  of  the  south-west  corner  of  the  court  is  the 
Restaurant  and  Cafe  of  Mr.  John  Rotzer.  This  enterprising-  gentleman 
seems  blessed  with  the  happy  faculty  of  making  everyone  around  him  feel 
perfectly  at  home.  His  restaurant  is  one  of  the  most  perfectly  equipped  in 
the  entire  World's  Fair. 

Mr.  John  Rotzer  was  born  in  Pag:o;stall,  Austria,  in  1855,  and  is  there- 
fore but  thirty-eight  years  of  age.  He  is  perfectly  familiar  ^^■ith  the 
restaurant  business,  having  been  engaged  in  this  line  in   London,  Paris, 


John  RoTZKK  Chas.  Antosch 

\'ienna,  Carlsbad  and  Francisbad.  In  his  natixe  city  he  owns  large  \ine- 
yards,  and  when  he  came  to  America  he  imported  about  $20,000  worth  of 
wine  for  his  patrons  in  Old  Vienna,  therel)y  securing  the  gratitude  of  all 
who  ha.\e  been  fortunate  enough  to  partake  of  it.  He  was  for  three  years 
a  commissioned  officer  in  the  Horse  Artillery  of  Austria!  Recognizing  the 
American  appreciation  of  good  things,  he  has  opened  a  genuine  Vienna 
Bakery  in  the  Douglas  Arcade,  near  37th  Street,  Chicago,  employing  five 
bakers  direct  from  Vienna.  He  supplies  not  only  a  large  circle  of  private 
families,  but  quite  a  large  number  of  the  restaurants  of  the  Midway 
Plaisance.  His  restaurant  is  crowded  nightly  with  crowds  of  merry  people 
who  fully  appreciate  his  excellent  service. 

Associated  with  Mr.  Rotzer  is  Mr.  Charles  Antosch,  his  business 
manager.  Mr.  Antosch  is  a  native  of  \'ienna,  Austria,  being  born  there 
in  1861.  His  entire  business  career  has  been  spent  in  the  hotel  business, 
being  connected  with  the  leading  hotels  throughout  Europe.  For  the  past 
seven  years  he  has  been  manager  of  the  Austrian  Court,  one  of  the  largest 
hotels  in  Vienna.  He  came  directly  from  there  to  his  present  business,  and 
after  the  Exposition  is  closed,  both  he  and  Mr.  Rotzer  will  return  to  \' ienna, 
being  highly  satisfied  with  their  \isit  to  America. 


John  Dottur's  Restaurant  and  Employes 

Old  Vienna 


On  the  north  side  of  the  Court,  about  opposite  the  band  stand,  is  the 
Restaurant  and  Cafe  of  Mr.  John  Dotter.  This  is  one  of  the  finest  restau- 
rants in  Old  Vienna,  and  is  always  well  supplied  with  choicest  edibles.  Mr. 
Dotter,  the  proprietor,  having  been  engaged  in  the  general  merchandise 
business  in  his  native  city,  Vienna,  Austria,  has  learned  thoroughly  the  art 
of  pleasing  his  customers,  as  the  large  patronage  enjoyed  by  him  fully  at- 
tests.    His  first  idea  in  coming  to  the  Fair  was  to  open  a  first-class  cham- 


John  Dotter 


Photos  by  GibsoiJ 

August  C.  Collischan 


pagne  buffet,  but  afterward  thought  best  to  engage  in  the  restaurant  busi- 
ness. He  has  proven  his  good  judgment  in  changing  his  idea,  as  he  has 
certainly  made  a  great  success  as  a  restaurateur.  In  the  management  of  his 
business  he  is  very  materially  assisted  by  his  estimable  wife,  she  being  a 
lady  of  quick  perception  and  business  sagacity.  Mr.  August  C.  Collischan, 
general  manager  for  Mr.  Dotter,  is  one  of  those  pleasant  mannered  gentle- 
men that  causes  one  to  forget  the  unpleasant  side  of  life.  He  is  a  native  of 
Nuernberg,  Bavaria,  Germany,  where  he  was  born  in  1865.  His  knowledge 
of  the  restaurant  business  is  most  thorough,  having  attended  three  exposi- 
tions previous  to  coming  to  Chicago — those  of  Vienna,  London  and  Paris. 
In  1891  he  came  to  America,  and  at  once  engaged  in  business,  opening  the 
North  Star  Club,  at  551  North  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  which  he  still  owns 
and  operates.  Mr.  Dotter,  learning  of  his  excellent  business  ability,  suc- 
ceeded in  securing  his  services  during  the  Exposition,  after  which  he  will 
resume  control  of  his  Chicago  business.  The  Exposition  being  over,  Mr. 
Dotter  and  his  wife  will  return  to  Vienna. 


View  ix  Old  Vienna 

Showing  Ferris  Wheel  in  the  distance 

The  new  ideas  that  are  constantly  being-  brought  forward  by  invent- 
ive genius  are  always  interesting.  In  the  great  Fair  of  1893  a  collec- 
tion of  novelties  is  shown  that  is  simply  startling  in  greatness  and  variety; 
but  in  the  west  end  of  Old  X'ienna  is  an  exhibit  of  novelties  and  bric-a-brac 
that  has  the  merit  of  containing  all  those  most  unique  and  novel.  We  re- 
fer to  the  booth  of  Mr.  H.  J.  Skinner,  a  gentleman  whose  wide  travels  and 
familiarity  with  the  wants  of  a  buying  public,  enables  him  to  select  only 
such  articles  as  will  at  once  strike  one's  fancy.  Among  the  many  novel 
articles  sold  at  his  booth  might  be  mentioned  the  walking  cane,  which  an- 
swers a  double  purpose.  The  cane  is  hollowed  out,  and  holds  a  half-pint 
of  liquid  and  a  small  wine  glass,  yet  it  is  made  so  neatly  as  to  have  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  very  ordinary  stick.  Mr.  Skinner  has  been  connected  as  ad 
vertising  manager  with  a  number  of  shows,  circuses,  etc.,  most  notable  be- 
ing the  great  Barnum  circus. 


Entrance  to  Restaurant  and  Cafe  of  Franz  Seidl 

Southeast  Corner  Old  Vienna 


The  illustration  here  given  shows  the  entrance  to  the  Restaurant  and 
Cafe  of  Mr.  Franz  Seidl,  a  place  where  pleasure  reigns  supreme.  The 
entrance  is  large  and  comfortable,  and  in  the  center  is  an  elevated  stage  on 
which  are  given  continuously  songs  and  music  by  a  company  of  pleasing 
musicians  and  vocalists.  To  visit  Father  Seidl'sis  only  to  lift  one's  self  into 
a  realm  of  delightful  joys.  The  happy  faces  here  so  numerously  seen,  tell 
plainly  the  great  ability  of  the  host  to  provide  for  his  friends  and  patrons 
the  contentment  of  mind  so  much  sought  after  and  so  seldom  found. 
Although  Mr.  Seidl  is  here  seen  as  a  pleasant  and  jovial  gentleman,  yet  he 
has  faced  the  smoke  of  battle  in  defense  of  his  country,  in  the  war  with 
France,  and  now  carries  as  a  mark  of  his  bravery,  wounds  received  in 
battle.  After  the  war  he  returned  to  his  home  in  Vienna  and  engaged  in 
the  restaurant  business  which  he  has  continued  ever  since.  In  1869  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  city  council,  which  position  he  still  retains.  With 
the  closing  of  the  Exposition  he  will  return  to  his  home  feeling  satisfied  he 
has  seen  the  greatest  Fair  the  world  will  ever  know. 


Scene  in  Old  Vienna 


A  rare  work  of  art  can  be  seen  in  Booth  No. 50,  in  the  hne  of  engra\ed  medals. 


Stabilimento 

Stefano  Johnson 

Milan,  Italy 

Medaglia  Conlata 

pel 

IV.  Centenarlo 

di 

Christoforo 

Columbo 


These  Medals  were  struck  in  the  Laboratory  of  Stefano  Johnson, 
Milano.  in  commemoration  of  the  400th  Anniversary  of  the  Discovery  of 
America.  The  work  has  been  pronounced  by  artists,  sculptors  and  the 
lovers  of  Fine  Arts  to  be  the  g:em  of  the  Pl.xposition.  Mr.  C.  F.  W'igand  is 
the  sole  Agent  for  the  sale  of  them.  They  are  to  be  had  at  The  Monastery 
La  Rabida  and  "Old  Vienna."  After  the  close  of  the  Flxposition  Mr. 
Wigand's  address  will  be  123  F.  71st  Street,  New  Vork. 


< 


/' 


/ 


Joseph  Froelich 

Pholo  by  Gibson 


Entering-  Old  Vienna,  and  turning  to  your 
left,  at  the  extreme  northeast  corner  is  the  Cafe 
and  Restaurant  of  Mr.  Joseph  Froelich,  a  place 
most  inviting-  to  tired  World's  Fair  visitors. 
While  enjoying  the  refreshments  that  are 
served  by  efficient  attendants,  you  are  enter- 
tained by  the  "Royal  Hungarian  Gypsy  Band," 
under  the  leadership  of  Mr.  Horwarth  Mizka,  of 
Buda-Pesth,  Hungary.  Concerts  are  g:iven  free 
daily  from  12  m.  to  11  p.  m.  The  enterprise 
shown  by  the  genial  proprietor  in  looking  after 
the  wishes  of  his  many  patrons  is  worthy  of 
note,  as  he  furnishes  a  regular  dinner  of  four 
courses  from  12  to  2:30,  for  sixty  cents.  Politeness  with  Mr.  Froelich  is  only 
natural,  as  his  entire  life,  with  a  few  exceptions,  has  been  spent  in  the  hotel 
business,  being  connected  with  such  celebrated  hostelries  as  the  Bristol  Ho- 
tel in  Paris,  and  other  large  European  hotels,  and  in  America  with  the  As- 
tor  House,  Delmonico's  and  Brunswick  of  New  York,  and  in  the  Shoreham 
Hotel  of  Washington,  owned  by  Ex-Vice  President  Morton.  He  was  an 
officer  in  the  Austrian  Army,  in  the  Turkish  War  of  1878. 

The  lady  whose  portrait  is  here 
shown,  seems  perfectly  happy,  knowing 
that  to  all  ladies  perfect  teeth  are  one 
of  the  crowning  points  of  beauty;  and 
her  own,  she  feels,  are  all  that  could  be 
desired.  Mr.  A.  Wiener,  of  Vienna, 
Austria,  is  located  in  Booth  No.  23,  in 
charge  of  the  exhibit  of  F.  A.  Sarg's, 
Sohn  &  Co.  The  exhibit  is  the  cele- 
brated glycerine  tooth  cream  "Kalo- 
DONT."il.The  preparation  is  sold  in  all 
parts  of  the  world,  and  Mr.  Wiener  will 
place  it  on  sale  in  all  drug  stores  in 
America,  after  the  Fair,  at  25  cents  a 
package.  Mr.  Wiener  has  also  an  ex- 
hibit of  a  new  device  for  holding  playing 
cards,  a  thing  greatly  appreciated  when 
once  used.  Another  very  valuable  article  sold  by  him  is  a  Pocket  Dispen- 
sary, to  be  used  in  cases  of  emergency  in  relieving  persons  taken  suddenly 
ill  or  meeting  with  accidents.  His  booth  is  located  in  the  south  part  of  the 
Court  of  "Old  Vienna." 


ScKNE  rx  Old  X'iexxa 

Looking  West 


The  interests  of  Old  X^ienna  are  more  than 
well  represented  in  the  person  of  its  bright  and 
energetic  Press  Agent,  Mr.  Marcus  Braun. 
This  gentleman  leaving  his  home  in  Hungary 
for  "green  fields  and  pastures  new,"  came  to 
America  about  a  year  and  a  half  ago  and  con- 
nected himself  w  ith  the  "Austro-Hungarian  Ga- 
i  ,    ,  'I  zette"  in  New  York  City,  and   by  his  indomi- 

^^jiB^^^^I  I  table  energy  and  aptitude  in  his  chosen  profes- 

^^^^^H^^V/j      "■  sion   soon   attracted  the  attention  of  the  "New 

l^^^^^H        I  s^^mai     "^^''^  Herald"   with  which   he   was   later  con- 
l^^^H^i^y^lF       nected,  and  is  still  their  correspondent.     Being 
^^^■HjHH^         sent  here  by  a  large  German  daily  newspaper, 
^^^B|^^^^  and  meeting  with  such  great  success,  the  mana- 

gers of  Old  Vienna  secured  his  ser\aces  as  Press 
Agent,  recognizing  in  him  a  man  of  bright  per- 
ception, excellent  judgment  and  extraordinary  ability,  an  opinion  since 
proven  to  be  correct  by  his  efforts  in  their  behalf. 


Marcus  Brai  x 

Photo  by  Gibson 


More  than  two  thousand  years  ago 
Kini^'  Solomon  declared  "There  is  nothing" 
new  under  the  sun.  "  Whether  we  ha\'e 
unearthed  an  in\'ention  of  the  Dark  Ages 
or  proxen  the  saxings  of  this  wiseacre  false, 
the  fact  stands,  ne\  ertheless,  that  Mr.  H. 
D.  Greenwald,  whose  booth  near  the  north- 
west corner  in  "Old  X'ienna"  is  shown  in 
the  accompanying  illustration,  has  patented 
and  placed  before  the  public  an  article  of 
more  than  passing  interest  to  the  bus>' 
Ever  Pointed  Pencil  people  of  the    nineteenth    centur\'.      The 

Interior  of  Shop  in  Old  Vienna  invention  referred  to  is  the  "Ever  Pointed 

Pencil."  It  is  a  composite  pencil  being  made  up  of  small  pieces,  placed  one 
after  another  in  a  tube,  each  piece  ha\ing  a  point  on  one  end,  in  the  other 
an  indention,  therefore  when  a  point  of  any  piece  becomes  destroyed,  the 
l)iece  is  extracted  and  pushed  in  again  from  the  opposite  end,  which  forces 
a  new  point  forward,  thus  making  an  ever  pointed  pencil,  saving  not  only 
time  in  constant  sharpening,  but  as  few  people  can  properly  sharpen  a 
pencil,  a  great  deal  of  annoyance  is  done  away  with.  Mr.  Greenx\ald 
secured  his  patents  in  February,  1892,  and  in  addition  to  ha\  ing  a  place  of 
business  at  80  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago,  has  one  also  at  50  Howard  Street, 
Xew  York.  In  the  manufacture  of  these  pencils,  a  shop  xvorking  only  six 
person-s  can  turn  out  thirty-five  gross  a  day,  each  gross  requiring  twenty- 
one  thousand  handlings. 


1 

^. 

r 

% 

Night-Watch,  \'alentine  Peters 

Old  Vienna 


Science  is  but  the  accumulative  knowled;^e  of  years  of  experience. 
The  science  of  makintj  a  g'ood  cup  of  coffee  is  obtained  by  l)ut  few  people 
indeed,  but  to  the  many  lovers  of  this  "cup  that  cheers,  but  never  inebri- 
ates," to  drink  the  coffee  served  at  the  buffet  of  Messrs.  K.  G.  Majorossy 
and  John  Juranits,  is  to  enjoy  to  the  fullest  all  that  the  name  of  coffee  im- 
plies. In  connection  with  this  fine  coffee  is  served  confections  of  the  finest 
quality.  Mr!  K.  G.  Majorossy  has  been  engasjed  in  the  confectionery  busi- 
ness since  1865,  and  was  formerly  the  proprietor  of  the  Royal  Confection- 


^ 


v^^ 


K.  ( ;.  Majorossy  John  Juraxits 

ery.  in  Buda-Pcsth,  IIun<^ar\;.  He  has  attended  every  exposition  of  note 
since  1873,  particularK'  those  of  Vienna,  Philadelphia,  Paris  and  Buda- 
Pesth.  He  was  for  a  number  of  years  located  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y,  where  he 
did  a  very  extensive  business,  receiving;  orders  from  all  parts  of  America, 
he  beinij  so  widely  and  favorably  known.  The  "Major,"  as  he  is  called  by 
his  numerous  friends,  will  attend  the  exposition  at  San  Francisco,  where 
the  great  reputation  he  has  already  earned  is  sure  to  be  appreciated  by  the 
ofood  people  of  the  Far  West. 

Mr.  John  Juranits,  partner  ol  Mr.  Majorossy,  is  a  confectioner  of 
twenty-one  years  practice,  and  to  sa\'  that  he  has  attained  the  hio^hest  per- 
fection in  his  business  would  be  simply  stating'  a  fact  thoroug;hly  known  by 
his  friends  and  patrons.  He  has  been  connected  with  the  \ery  finest  con- 
fectioneries of  Austria,  Hun;^ar\- and  (icrniain-.  lie  was  for  a  number  of 
years  employed  in  the  celebrated  establishment  of  l\.ug;ler's  Royal  Confec- 
tionery, Buda-Pesth,  Hunirary,  whose  nameissynonomous  with  e\ery  thing" 
that  is  first-class  in  the  wa>'  of  confections.  He  resig'ned  his  position  in 
Buda-Pesth  to  eng'agfe  as  partner  in  the  business  now  being-  operated  so 
successfully  by  himself  and  Mr.  Maioross\-  in  the  west  entl  of  Old  \"ienna. 


Mr.  Paul  Geiiach,  late  of  Dresden,  Germany,  has  on  exhibition  in 
"Old  \'ienna,"  No.  22,  one  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  to  be  seen  in  the 
entire  World's  Fair,  It  consists  of  a  wonderful  assortment  of  fine  Oil 
Paintings  on  cedar  wood.  The  subjects  embrace  everything  to  be  imagined, 
and  must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated.  They  are  all  for  sale  at  extremely 
moderate  prices.  Lovers  of  Art  cannot  possibly  take  home  a  finer  souve- 
nir than  one  of  these  paintings,  as  the\'  arc  all  perfect  gems. 

The  exhibit  of  Graeco-Egyptian  paintings  of  Mr.  Theodor  Graf,  loca- 
ted in  the  City  Hall  of  "Old  Vienna,"  is  without  question  a  collection  to  be 
seen  but  once  in  a  life  time,  and,  to  the  lovers  of  art,  an  inspection  of  these 
paintings  is  a  treat  of  the  rarest  kind. 


Southwest  Cornmr  Old  X'ienna 


S7  1?^       ^ 


G.  \V.  G.  Fkuris 

Originator  of  the  Great  Ferris  H'/ieel  on  Mii/icay  Flaisance 


'iHii  Great  Ferris  Wheel 


ThC  PERRia  WtieCL. 


The  conception  of  this  wonderful  structure  originated  in  the  brain  of 
Mr.  G.  W.  G.  Ferris,  a  consulting  and  constructing-  civil  engineer,  of 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  the  firm  of  which  he  is  president  being  G.  W.  G.  Ferris  cK: 
Co.  Their  principal  work  was  in  building  bridges,  and  there  is  scarcely  a 
piece  of  bridge  work  undertaken  in  America  during  the  past  few  years  in 
which  they  have  not  had  a  hand.  The  firm  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the 
world.  Mr.  Ferris  was  among  the  first  who  thought  of  some  great  attrac- 
tion for  the  World's  Fair,  and  the  idea  of  constructing  a  great  observation 
wheel  as  a  ri\al  of  the  Eifel  Tower  of  the  last  Paris  Exposition  was  the 
feat  to  be  accomplished.  The  Fair  management  had  many  suggestions  to 
draw  from,  and  the  fact  that  the  best  engineers  of  the  world  haci  offered 
plans  for  something  great  was  all  the  more  honor  to  Mr.  Ferris  when  his 
plans  were  accepted.  It  was  not  until  December,  1892,  that  the  concession 
was  granted,  and  $25,000  had  been  expended  in  plans  and  specifications  alone. 
The  orders  were  placed  for  the  material  as  soon  as  possible,  aijd  the  metal 
was  yet  in  the  pig  in  January,  1893.  In  March  the  ground  was  broken  for 
the  foundations,  about  the  20th — and  the  completed  wheel  began  to  turn 
on  June  20th.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  from  its  incipiency  to  its  finish,  no  such 
work  has  been  accomplished  with  such  perfect  accuracy  in  so  short  a  time, 
during  the  present  century. 

The  wheel  is  composed  of  two  wheels  of  the  same  size,  connected  and 
held  together  with  rods  and  struts,  which,  however,  do  not  approach  closer 
than  twenty  feet  to  the  periphery.  Each  wheel  has  for  its  outline  a  curved, 
hollow,  square  iron  beam,  25^x19  inches.  At  a  distance  of  40  feet  within 
this  circle  is  another  circle  of  a  lighter  beam.  These  beams  are  called 
crowns,  and  are  connected  and  held  together  by  an  elaborate  trusswork. 
Within  this  smaller  circle  there  are  no  beams,  and  at  a  distance  there 
appears  to  be  nothing.  But  at  the  center  of  the  great  wheel  is  an  immense 
iron  axle,  32  inches  thick  and  45  feet  in  length.  Each  of  the  twin  wheels, 
where  the  axle  passes  through  it,  is  provided  with  a  large  iron  hub,  16  feet 
in  diameter.  Between  these  hubs  and  the  inner  "crowns"  there  are  no 
connections  except  spoke  rods  lyi  inches  in  diameter,  arranged  in  pairs,  13 
feet  apart  at  the  crown  connection.  At  a  distance  they  look  like  mere 
spider  webs,  and  the  wheel  seems  to  be  dangerously  devoid  of  substantial 


support.  The  explanation  of  this  is  that  the  Ferris  Wheel — at  least  inside 
the  smaller  crowns — is  constructed  on  the  principle  of  a  bicycle  wheel. 
The  lower  half  is  suspended  from  the  axle  by  the  spoke  rods  running- 
downward,  and  the  upper  half  of  the  wheel  is  supported  by  the  lower  half. 
All  the  spoke  rods  above  the  axle,  when  it  is  in  any  given  position,  might 
be  removed,  and  the  wheel  would  be  as  solid  as  it  would  be  with  them. 
The  only  difference  is  that  the  Ferris  Wheel  hangs  by  its  axle,  while  a 
bicycle  wheel  rests  on  the  ground,  and  the  weight  is  applied  downward  on 
the  axle. 

The  thirty-six  carriages  of  the  great  wheel  are  hung  on  its  periphery 
at  equal  intervals.  Each  car  is  27  feet  long,  13  feet  wide  and  g  feet  high. 
It  has  a  heavy  frame  of  iron,  but  is  covered  externally  with  wood.  It  has 
a  door,  and  five  broad  plate  glass  windows  on  each  side.  The  wheel  with 
its  cars  and  passengers  weighs  about  1,200  tons,  and  therefore  needs  some- 
thing substantial  to  hold  it  up.  Its  axle  is  supported  on  two  skeleton  iron 
towers,  pyramidal  in  form,  one  at  each  end  of  it.  They  are  40x50  feet  at 
the  bottom,  and  6  feet  square  at  the  top,  and  about  140  feet  high,  the  side 
next  to  the  wheel  being  perpendicular,  and  the  other  sides  slanting.  Each 
tower  has  four  great  feet,  and  each  foot  rests  on  an  underground  concrete 
foundation  20x20x20  feet.  Cross  bars  of  steel  are  laid  at  the  bottom  of  the 
concrete,  and  the  feet  of  the  tower  are  connected  with  and  bolted  to  them 
with  iron  rods. 

Each  of  the  thirty-six  cars  has  forty  revolving  chairs,  made  of  wire 
and  screwed  to  the  floor.  It  weighs  13  tons,  and  with  its  forty  passengers 
will  weigh  three  tons  more.  It  is  suspended  from  the  periphery  of  the 
wheel  by  an  iron  axle  65^  inches  in  diameter,  which  runs  through  the  roof. 
It  is  provided  with  a  conductor  to  open  the  doors,  preserve  order  and  give 
information.  The  wheel  is  never  left  to  itself,  but  is  always  directly  and 
constantly  controlled  by  a  steam  engine.  The  machinery  is  very  similar 
to  that  used  in  the  power  houses  of  the  cable  car  companies.  It  operates  a 
north  and  south  iron  shaft  12  inches  in  diameter,  with  great  cog  wheels  at 
each  end,  by  means  of  which  the  power  is  applied  at  each  side  of  the 
wheel. 

The  wheel  is  250  feet  in  diameter,  825  feet  in  circumference  and  30 
feet  wide,  and  is  elevated  15  feet  above  the  ground.  The  great  wheel  is 
also  provided  with  brakes.  Near  the  north  and  south  ends  of  the  main 
shaft  are  two  lo-foot  wheels  with  smooth  faces  and  girdled  with  steel 
bands.  These  bands  terminate  a  little  to  one  side  in  a  large  Wcstinghouse 
air-brake.  If,  therefore,  anything  should  break,  and  the  engine  fail  to 
work,  the  air  can  be  turned  into  the  air-brake,  and  the  steel  bands  tightened 
until  not  a  wheel  in  the  whole  machine  can  turn. 


Many  people  have  an  idea  that  the  sensation  of  going  around  the 
wheel  is  not  altogether  an  agreeable  one.  On  the  contrary:  if  one  were 
to  go  around  with  closed  eyes  there  would  be  no  knowledge  whatever  that 
the  wheel  was  in  motion.  The  sensation  is  never  diagreeable,  but  always 
delightful.  There  is  not  the  slightest  suggestion  of  dizziness  or  sea 
sickness,  and  e\"en  the  most  timid  lose  all  fear  after  the  wheel  has  moved 
around  but  a  few  feet. 

To  those  who  have  any  fears  about  the  wheel's  perfect  safety,  it  is 
enough  to  say  that  every  rod,  bolt,  girder  and  beam  was  thoroughly  tested 
by  the  firm  of  G.  W.  G.  Ferris  6c  Co.,  inspectors  for  the  United  States 
government,  before  it  was  accepted.  The  strains  from  every  point  were 
calculated  by  Mr.  W.  F.  Gronau,  Mr.  Ferris'  chief  assistant,  and  they  were 
made  as  perfect  and  strong  as  human  brain  could  conceive.  The  fact 
that  a  gale  passed  over  the  wheel  with  no  miles  an  hour  velocity  ought  to 
be  sufficient  evidence  that  the  work  is  as  stable  and  solid  as  the  Rock  of 
Gibraltar.  To  the  most  cynical  and  doubting,  the  assurance  is  gi\en  by 
Mr.  I'erris  that  it  would  be  an  impossibility  to  secure  greater  safety  than 
in  the  wheel. 

The  promoters  of  the  great  Ferris  Wheel  enterprise  are  now  satisfied 
that  the  cost — $300,000,  will  be  more  than  realized,  with  the  chances  fax^or- 
ing  an  overplus  of  $500,000.  It  is  a  question  if  a  similar  success  was  e\-er 
attained  in  America. 

It  is  impossible  to  obtain  a  more  charming  panorama  of  the  White 
City  and  Chicago  than  from  the  Ferris  Wheel.  As  the  visitor  gradually 
ascends  the  scene  constantly  enlarges,  much  as  is  noticed  from  a  balloon 
ascension.  To  the  north,  south  and  west  the  city  seems  to  lift  itself  into 
vision;  while  towards  the  east  the  World's  Fair  buildings  rise  one  after  the 
other  until  when  the  highest  point  is  reached  a  complete  bird's-eye  view  is 
presented.  The  blue  waters  of  Lake  Michigan  spread  out,  encircling  the 
city,  while  the  shores  of  Michigan,  50  miles  away,  are  easily  discernible  on 
a  clear  day.  There  are  very  few  words  spoken  by  the  people  on  the  cars 
at  this  point,  the  general  feeling  being  one  of  silent  admiration  and  inspira- 
tion. The  Midway  Plaisance  diminishes  into  village  proportions,  the  motly 
crowd  looking  like  an  army  of  pigmies. 

If  the  day  view  is  beautiful,  at  night  it  is  like  a  \ision  of  fairyland. 
The  myriad  lights  in  the  Fair  grounds  and  city  seem  like  so  many  stars 
enlarged  and  dropped  from  the  skies.  Nothing  could  be  more  inspiring, 
and  the  visitor  carries  away  the  one  remembrance  of  enchantment  akin  to 
the  splendor  and  gorgeousness  of  the  Arabian  Xights.  Xo  one  should  fail 
to  ride  on  the  wheel  by  night. 


The  feat  of  lighting"  the  wheel  by  electricity  is  considered  by  all  the 
experts  to  be  one  of  the  most  remarkable  and  interesting  at  the  Fair.  The 
great  difficulty  to  overcome  was  in  getting  the  current  on  the  shaft  (as  it 
turned  two  ways),  and  also  in  getting  the  lamps  on  the  wheel  without 
losing  any  current  on  the  steel  frame.  This  was  finally  accomplished  by 
means  of  collector-rings  placed  on  the  axle,  and  there  are  now  720  lights 
on  the  outer  circle,  504  on  the  inner  circle,  250  on  the  towers,  320  on  the 
portals  under  the  towers,  500  on  the  fence  enclosure,  besides  enough  on 
spokes  and  other  points  to  run  the  number  up  to  nearly  3,000.  The  plant  is 
700  feet  from  the  base  of  the  wheel,  from  which  the  current  is  carried  by 


L.  V.  Rich 

Superinte}ident  of  the  Ferris  Wheel 

underground  okinite  conductors.  The  plant  consists  of  two  500-light 
Edison  dynamos  and  two  800  Western  Electric  dynamos,  which  are  driven 
by  two  Dick  &:  Church  compound  engines.  Experiments  are  constantly 
being  made,  and  new  features  of  lighting  added  nearly  every  week.  The 
appearance  of  the  great  wheel  at  present  is  certainly  one  of  wondrous 
beauty,  and  is  the  center  of  attraction  to  thousands  at  the  Fair  and  over 
the  city. 

The  management  of  a  great  enterprise  like  the  Ferris  Wheel,  of 
course,  requires  no  little  executive  ability.'  It  is  safe  to  say  that  no  such 
important  work  as  this  ever  had  more  skillful  direction,  or  more  accurate 
details  in  caring  for  its  interests.  The  construction  was  superintended  by 
Mr.  L.  V.  Rice,  formerly  Superintendent  of  the  great  St.  Louis  bridge, 
and  he  has  been  in  charge  since  the  wheel  was  opened  for  the  public.  Mr. 
Rice's  services  are  properly  valued  by  Mr.  Ferris. 

Mr.  Rice  was  born  near  Lodoga,  Indiana,  in  1864,  graduating  at  one 
of  the  smaller  Indiana  colleges,  he  took  a  special  course  in  Ci\'il  Engineer- 


ing'  at  Cornell  l'ni\crsity  in  1885-86,  tittin;^"  himself  most  thoroui^hly  for  the 
active  life  he  has  since  experienced.  During-  the  construction  of  the  Fifth 
street  cable  line  of  Kansas  City,  in  1886-87  his  duties  were  those  of  rodman 
and  transitman.  He  was  the  assistant  engineer  in  the  building  of  the  Neb- 
raska City  bridge  in  i888-8q.  In  1889-QO  he  was  engaged  as  assistant  engi- 
neer and  draughtsman  in  the  building  of  the  Merchant's  bridge  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  was  first  assistant  engineer  of  the  Central  bridge  over  the  Ohio 
River,  in  1890-91,  of  which  Mr.  G.  W.  G.  Ferris  was  chief  engineer.  During 
'91-92  he  was  bridge  engineer  and  chief  draughtsman  of  the  F.&:  L.  E.  R.R. 
of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Being  offered  the  important  position  of  resident  engi- 
neer of  the  new  St.  Louis  Union  Depot,  one  of  the  largest  buildings  ever  con- 
structed, he  occupied  the  same  until  the  latter  part  of  '92  when  he  resigned 
to  superintend  the  construction  of  the  great  Ferris  Wheel.  Of  the  many 
arduous  duties  connected  with  the  management  of  so  great  an  enterprise  as 
the  Ferris  Wheel,  it  is  not  the  least  among  them  to  reply  to  the  thousands 
of  queries  made  by  the  large  number  of  press  representatives  that  daily 
visit  the  wheel.  In  this  particular,  Mr.  Rice  has  acquitted  himself  most 
creditably,  conducting  himself  at  all  times  in  a  way  that  is  most  pleasing  to 
the  questioner,  yet  showing  a  perfect  disregard  to  the  ennui  that  he  must 
of  necessity  feel  from  the  repetition  of  his  replies. 

The  enormous  size  of  the  Ferris  Wheel  may  be  more  readily  under- 
stood by  persons  not  visiting  the  Fair  by  the  following  anecdote:  A  for- 
lorn looking  fellow  came  wandering  up  the  Midway,  feeling  very  dejected 
in  spirits,  as  he  had  spent  all  of  his  money,  and  at  this  particular  time  did 
not  possess  as  much  coin  of  the  realm  as  would  buy  a  postage  stamp.  Com- 
ing to  a  sudden  stop  on  observing  the  wheel,  he  asked  a  by-stander  to  tell 
him  "what  that  big  thing  w^as ?"  The  person  addressed,  \\ith  much  surprise 
at  the  questioner's  ignorance  of  the  greatest  attraction  of  the  Fair,  in- 
formed him  that  it  was  the  great  Ferris  Wheel,  to  w^hich  the  moneyless  man 
replied,  "  'Tis  ?    Why,  I  thought  it  w^as  a  dollar." 

Following  are  the  names  and  occupations  of  the  "Employes  of  the  Ferris  Wheel,"  whose  portraits  are 
shown  on  the  preceding  page: 

1,  L.V.  Rice,  superintendent;  2,  E.  N.  Braucher,  conductor,  3,  C.  D.  Williams,  conductor;  4,  G.  H. 
Turkington,  guard;  5,  C.  D.  Riddle,  conductor;  6,  D.  A.  Murray,  engineer;  7,  W.  E.  Smith,  guard;  8,  C.  H. 
Kreider,  chief  engineer;  9,  W.  T.  Hunter,  oiler;  10,  D.  S.  Slater,  watchman;  ir,  Frank  A.  Lyle,  conductor;  12, 
J.  H.  Hunter,  electrician;  13,  John  Lehner,  conductor;  14,  H.  E.  Hogan,  oiler;  15,  Dick  Gill,  foreman;  16,  A.  J. 
Correll,  fireman;  17,  H.  O.  Newton,  conductor;  18,  Harry  Goodwin,  conductor;  ig,  Harry  W.  Hill,  ticket  seller; 
20,  Wm.  Sylvester,  conductor;  21,  G.  C.  Mavor,  conductor;  22,  A.  J.  DeMers,  conductor;  23,  W.  H.  Dean,  elec- 
trical engineer;  24,  H.  J.  Niickols,  guard;  25,  Vietch  Knapp,  conductor;  26  Ed.  S.  Gregg,  conductor;  27,  Harry 
Simon,  guard;  28,  O.  P.  Robinson,  conductor.  29,  C.  F.  Carhart,  conductor;  30,  B.  W.  Dutton,  conductor;  31, 
Arch,  .\llston,  Jr.,  gateman;  32,  G.  B.  Spaulding,  head  conductor;  33,  W.  H.  Xault,  gateman;  34,  Willis  Clark, 
conductor;  35,  I.  R.  Hazen,  guard,  36  Henry  Gillespie,  conductor;  37,  C.  S.  Kevan,  conductor;  38,  J.  S.  Mc- 
Cracken,  conductor;  39,  A.  A.  Lawrence,  conductor;  40,  C.  M.  Hart,  conductor;  41,  S.  L.  Shriver,  conductor; 
42,  Wm.  Davis,  conductor. 


Tm  ICn  R,AIE)WAq 


It  is  usual  to  speak  of  artificial  refrigeration  and  ice  making-  as  an  in- 
fant industry,  having  before  it  a  brilliant  future.  It  would  seem,  however, 
that  an  industry  which  requires  for  its  sustenance  about  two  million  tons  of 
coal  annually,  producing  in  the  same  time  the  equivalent  of  some  thirty-six 
million  tons  of  ice,  is  tolerably  vigorous,  and  whatever  may  be  its  future 
growth  it  is  certain  that  its  present  healthy  condition  is  largely  due  to  lager 
beer;  a  statement  which  may  be  recei\'ed  with  mixed  feelings.  It  was  for 
along  time  a  very  sickly  child,  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  parents 
have  not  lived  to  see  the  complete  justification  of  their  seemingly  extrava- 
gant hopes. 

Nearly  the  whole  of  the  business  has  been  developed  during  the  last 
ten  years,  and  this  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  all  the  principles  involved 
have  been  long  well-known,  and,  moreover,  in  the  decade  from  1850  to  i860 
practical  machines  were  produced  to  all  intents  and  purposes  identical  with 
the  various  types  now  in  use.  As  early  as  1850,  Prof.  Alexander  C.  Twin- 
ing, of  New  Haven.  Conn.,  commenced  experiments  with  the  compression 
machine,  using  a  volatile  liquid  (ether),  and  in  1855,  he  produced  a  machine 
capable  of  making  1,600  pounds  of  ice  in  twenty-four  hours.  This,  with  im- 
provements in  mechanical  details,  has  become  the  compression  machine  of 
to-day.  In  1851,  Dr.  John  Gorrie  patented  and  built  in  New  Orleans  a  ma- 
chine for  mechanical  refrigeration,  using  a  non-liquefiable  gas,  namely,  the 
air.  This  may  be  considered  the  parent  of  the  cold  air  machine,  which  in 
England  has  reached  a  high  degree  of  perfection  for  special  use  in  connec- 
tion with  ship  cooling.  Finally,  in  i860,  F.  Carre  introduced  the  absorption 
system  of  which  the  modern  plants  on  this  plan  are  merely  variations  and 
improvements. 

It  would  seem,  therefore,  that  nearly  forty  years  ago  e\-erything  was 
ready  for  the  introduction  of  refrigerating  machinery,  but  as  a  matter  of 
fact  all  these  plans  fell  flat  with  the  exception  of  the  Carre  absorption  ma- 
chine which  received  a  limited  number  of  applications.  The  development 
of  mechanical  refrigeration  is  really  due  to  its  application  to  another  indus- 
try, which  during  the  last  thirty  years  has  in  this  country  grown  to  immense 
proportions 


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Lager  beer  breweries  required  large  quantities  of  ice  to  maintain  their 
cellars  at  a  low  temperature,  and  it  was  soon  perceived  that  not  only  could 
refrigeration  be  produced  more  cheaply  by  artificial  means  than  it  cc^uld  be 
by  the  use  of  ice,  but  the  immense  ice  houses  forming  the  usual  adjunct  to 
a  lager  beer  brewery  be  entirely  dispensed  with,  and  the  cellars  maintained 
at  a  low  temperature  without  actual  manufacture  of  ice.  This  resulted  in 
a  double  advantage:  the  saving  of  room  occupied  by  ice  houses,  and  an 
economy  in  the  actual  cost  of  refrigeration  effected.  The  reason  for  this 
latter  is  readily  understood  when  we  consider  that  to  make  ice  the  water 
has  to  be  cooled  to  the  freezing  point,  then  when  exposed  for  a  time  to  the 
cooling  agent  the  ice  has  to  be  transported  to  the  cellars  or  ice  houses. 
But  by  performing  the  refrigeration  inside  the  cellars  themselves  we  avoid 
this  handling  and  losses  attending  it,  and  also  the  preliminary  cooling  of 
the  water  above  referred  to.  The  brewers  are  able  and  willing  to  take  the 
necessary  risk  incidental  to  new  enterprises  in  order  to  secure  these  advant- 
ages, and  offered  such  a  chance  for  erecting  machines  to  supplant  the  use 
of  ice,  that  a  number  of  enterprising  men  devoted  all  their  talent  and  en- 
ergy to  the  perfecting  of  this  class  of  machinery.  After  the  breweries  came 
the  slaughter  houses,  pork  and  beef  packers,  cold  storage  men,  and  simul- 
taneously in  the  Southern  States  ice  manufactories.  The  manufacture  of 
ice,  however,  was  regarded  as  of  secondary  importance  until  the  two  un- 
precedentedly  mild  winters  of  1888-1889  and  1889-1890  at  last  brought  the 
industry  of  ice  making  into  the  Northern  States,  and  the  result  has  been  so 
satisfactory  in  a  commercial  way  that  at  the  present  day  one  or  more  ice 
factories  are  to  be  found  in  nearly  ex'ery  Northern  city  of  importance.  To 
this  result  considerations  of  hygiene  have  largely  contributed,  for  it  has 
been  found  that  the  manufactured  ice  is  much  purer  than  the  ice  har\'ested 
from  the  streams,  lakes  and  ponds  near  the  large  centres  of  population. 

New  applications  are  constantly  being  found  for  mechanical  refriger- 
ation. It  was  but  a  simple  step  to  pass  from  the  cooling  of  cellars  to  the 
cooling  of  storage  rooms  for  perishable  produce,  such  as  meat,  poultry, 
butter,  eggs,  fruit,  etc.,  and  nearly-  e\'ery  town  is  now  pro\ided  with  cold 
storage  houses. 

The  floating  cold  storage  houses,  or  the  refrigerated  hold  of  a  ship, 
for  transportation  of  meat  has  practically  supplanted  the  live  cattle  busi- 
ness, and  given  a  wonderful  impetus  to  the  exportation  of  meat,  particularly 
from  countries  \-ery  far  removed  from  the  market.  Mechanical  refriger- 
ation is  also  used  with  advantage  in  many  chemical  and  manufacturing 
operations,  such  as  the  separation  of  salts,  purification  of  oil,  etc.,  and  one 
of  the  most  singular  applications  made  of  it  is  that  of  sinking  shafts  in 


quicksands,  cooling  pipes  being;  sunk  in  a  circle  and  a  solid  wall  produced 
by  freezing  the  soft  ground. 

The  theory  of  mechanical  refrigeration  need  not  be  discussed.  Every- 
one at  the  present  day  knows  that  heat  is  not  a  material  substance,  but  en- 
ergy; that  it  can  be  removed  either  by  transferring  it  from  one  body  to  an- 
other or  by  transforming  it  into  work.  All  heat  remo\'ed  by  mechanical 
process  is  first  transformed  into  work;  in  the  cold-air  machines  it  is  expended 
on   the   piston   of  the   expansion  cylinder;  in  the  ammonia  machines  the 

bulk  of  it  is  employed  in  set- 
ting the  molecules  in  motion — 
causing  them  to  swing  at  such  a 
rate  that  they  unlock  themselves 
from  the  liquid,  and  become  a  gas. 
The  Works  of  the  De  La  Vergne 
Refrigerating  Machine  Co.,  we 
believe  to  be  the  largest  and  most 
complete  works  in  existence  de- 


500-TON  DE  LA.  VERGNE  REFRIGERATING  MACHINE.     LARGEST  IN  THE  WORLD. 

Erected  for  The  Anheuser  Busc/i  KrewingCo.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

voted  to  the  manufacture  of  refrigerating  machinery.  They  are  situated  in 
the  City  of  New  York,  at  the  foot  of  East  138th  Street.  This  company  was 
organized  in  1880,  and  since  its  existence  has  erected  six  hundred  machines 
and  plants,  all  of  which  are  now  in  successful  operation.  The  total  capacity 
of  these  machines,  taken  together,  represents  the  cooling  effected  by  the 
melting  of  over  thirty- five  thousand  tons  of  ice  exery  day. 

They  are  distributed  over  the  whole  world,  and  are  employed  for  the 
refrigeration  of  such  establishments  as  require  low  temperature  throughout 
the  year— breweries,  abattoirs,  packing  houses,  cold  storage  houses,  markets. 


oil  refineries,  mineral  water  factories,  chocolate  factories,  chemical  works, 
hotels  and  restaurants,  steamships,  etc.,  and  in  ice  factories. 

They  have  made  the  highest  reputation  as  to  their  perfection  in  work- 
manship, and  are  the  most  durable  and  economical  machines  known.  The 
cooling-  agent  employed  is  anbydrous  ammonia,  which  is  the  best  known  for 
purposes  of  refrigeration  and  and  ice  making. 

The  leading  breweries  of  Chicago  are  equipped  with  the  De  La 
Vergne  Refrigerating  Machine  Co.'s  machines,  and  their  system — direct 
expansion. 

The  Ice  Railway,  located  just  south  of  the  Ferris  Wheel,  was  designed 
and  erected  by  the  De  La  Vergne  Refrigerating  Machine  Co.  This  unique 
exhibit  shows  that  in  addition  to  refrigerating  and  ice  making,  skating  rinks 
and  amusements  of  this  character  can  be  produced  by  this  system — direct 
expansion. 

Midsummer  sleighing  on  real  snow  is  delightful,  refreshing  and  exhil- 
arating. The  Ice  Railway  furnishes  all  this,  and  is  a  most  pleasing  and 
attractive  novelty.  As  a  genuine  novelty  it  has  attained  a  great  notoriety, 
as  the  following  extracts  from  various  newspapers  will  attest.  Just  three 
days  before  the  opening  of  the  Ice  Railway,  the  Chicago  Inter  Ocean  said 
of  it: 

"As  wonderful  as  the  Ferris  Wheel  and  equally  the  outcome  of  modern  engineering  and  inventive  genius 
is  the  Ice  Railvi'ay,  which  is  erected  and  operated  by  the  De  La  Vergne  Refrigerating  Machine  Company,  of  New 
York,  the  oldest  and  largest  refiigerating  company  in  the  world.  It  is  next  to  the  Ferris  Wheel  and  will  divide 
the  honors  when  in  operation,  which  will  be  soon.  It  consists  of  a  long  elliptical  plane  like  a  toboggan  slide, 
which,  in  fact,  it  is,  on  which  is  a  heav}- coating  of  snow,  is  made  and  kept  by  two  De  La  Vergne  Ice  Refriger- 
ating Machines,  one  of  65  tons,  the  other  50  tons.  It  is  wonderful  to  see  pure  snow  crystals  glistening  in  the  hot 
summer  sun  and  torrid  temperature  of  June,  and  shows  as  nothing  else  could  do  the  vast  advance  in  ice  refrigera- 
tion, due  to  the  efforts  of  John  C.  De  LaVergne,  president  of  the  De  La  Vergne  Company,  and  for  years  the  only 
advocate  of  the  direct  exposition  system,  which  is  now  coming  into  such  universal  use.  At  either  end  of  the 
ellipse  formed  by  the  Ice  Railway  are  the  handsome  pavilion  and  power  house.  The  first  and  second  stories  of 
the  airy  pavilion  are  fine  places  to  take  refreshments,  and  where  no  doubt  the  Laplanders  and  Eskimo  will  come 
to  cool  off  when  hot  at  their  managers. 

"In  the  towers  are  commodious  reception  rooms  for  visitors.  The  architecture  of  the  buildings  and  rail- 
way is  novel  and  attractive  in  design." 

The  Chicago  Times,  under  date  of  June  22d,  says: 

'  'Coasting  on  a  bob-sled  over  850  feet  of  real  ice  in  the  dead  of  summer  is  what  thousands  of  people  have 
been  doing  in  Midway  Plaisance  the  last  few  days.  It  is  almost  incomprehensible  that  a  smooth  roadway  of 
glistening  ice  850  feet  long  and  nearly  four  feet  wide  should  be  found  resisting  the  furious  attacks  of  the  torrid 
sun  and  remaining  as  solidly  frozen  and  as  compact  as  Arctic  explorers  find  the  crystallized  waters  near  the 
north  pole,  but  such  is  the  solemn  fact.     And  after  it  is  all  explained  the  mystery  is  easilv  understood. 

"This  Ice  Railway  is  one  of  the  most  marvelous  of  a  number  of  marvels  which  exist  in  Jlidway  Plais- 
ance. It  is  just  south  and  back  of  the  great  Ferris  Wheel,  and  it  is  such  a  novel,  ingenious,  and  interesting  con- 
trivance that  it  is  destined  to  divide  with  the  big  wheel  the  interest  of  those  who  like  new  and  pleasurable  sen- 
sation. And  its  greatest  charm  for  such  is  the  fact  that  it  costs  only  the  trifling  sum  of  ten  cents  to  make  the 
delightful  trip. 

"The  Ice  Railway,  as  it  is  called,  at  once  an  example  of  inventive  genius  and  the  successful  application 
in  a  novel  manner  of  the  principles  of  refrigeration,  a  business  which  in  the  last  few  years  has  reached  an  extent 
and  importance  such  as  not  many  people  realize.  It  consists  of  inclosed  frame  buildings,  which  form  a  species  of 
ellipse,  and  occupy  a  space  400x60  feet,  the  first  figures  representing  the  length  east  and  west,  and  the  second 
the  breadth.  Running  the  full  length  of  this  inclosed  space  is  a  track  which,  as  stated,  is  S50  feet  around  and 
is  44^1  inches  wide.     On  either  side  are  guards  of  heavy  girders  several  inches  high.     The  surface  of  this  track 


between  the  guards  contains  a  coat  of  ice  nearly  an  inch  thick,  and  over  this  smooth  and  glistening  substance 
bob-sleighs,  each  containing  four  leather- cushioned  seats  and  accommodating  eight  persons,  glide  with  the 
velocity  of  a  toboggan  and  the  ease  of  a  coaster  to  the  merry  jingle  of  silver  bells. 

"The  sleighs  are  started  on  a  slight  decline  and  gathering  force  iu  the  run  of  several  feet  mount  with  the 
aid  of  a  cable  a  gradual  incline,  which  is  twenty-five  feet  high  at  its  summit.  The  sleighs  attach  themselves  au- 
tomatically to  this  cable,  and  when  it  performs  its  work  in  pulling  them  to  the  top  of  the  hill  the  jaws  of  the 
sleighs  automatically  release  the  cable,  and  the  bobs  are  ready  to  make  their  descent  down  the  opposite  side. 

"It  is  then  the  fun  begins.  Ladies  grab  the  backs  of  seats  in  front  of  them  spasmodically  at  the  first 
'down-hiir  hint,  but  when  they  find  that  the  sensation  is  one  of  exquisite  pleasure,  and  that  there  is  not  the 
slightest  cause  for  fear,  they  resign  themselves  to  the  full  enjoyment  of  the  pleasurable  and  delightful  feeling, 
and  away  the  sleigh  goes,  rounds  the  curve  with  a  swish,  and  draws  up  before  the  starting  point  as  subservient 
to  the  driver's  brake  as  a  well  trained  horse  to  the  deft  but  mild  restraint  of  his  master. 

'■It  is  great  fun.  No  toboggan  ride  or  coasting  trip  is  to  be  compared  with  it,  because  toboggans  and 
coasters  wobble  from  side  to  side  and  don't  pursue  a  straight  course.  The  sleighs  of  the  Ice  Railway  are  entirely 
even  and  regular,  and  make  no  swaying  motion  because  the  guards  or  girders  hold  them  in  place  and  revolv- 
ing wheels  or  bumpers  on  the  sleighs  act  as  guides  and  maintain  them  on  a  fixed  line. 

"But  about  the  ice.  People  themselves  can  ride  in  the  sleighs  and  experience  the  delicious  sensation  of 
coasting  down  a  hill  an  eighth  of  a  mile  long,  but  they  cannot  discover  how  ice  an  inch  thick  can  be  maintained 
in  the  open  air  when  the  thermometer  is  90  degrees  with  nothing  but  a  light  awning  separating  it  from  the 
broiling  sun.  Their  curiosity  centers  on  this  marvel  of  modern  science,  and  it  ought  to  be  gratified.  The  Ice 
Railway  as  an  idea  was  evolved  by  Thomas  L  Rankin,  an  able  inventor  and  the  patentee  of  this  application  of 
centrifugal  force.  The  agency  which  worked  it  out  and  supplied  the  engineering  and  mechanical  skill  to  stamp 
it  as  one  of  the  great  features  of  the  Chicago  Exposition  is  the  Ue  La  Vergne  Refrigerating  Machine  Company 


iS^ 


Ice  R.vil\\  av,  Midway  Plaisance 

of  New  York  City,  a  corporation  which  does  a  business  of  $2,000,000  a  year,  and  by  the  application  of  approved 
methods  of  refrigeration  bj-  artificial  means  has  brought  the  matter  of  chilling  and  ice  making  up  to  the  highest 
state  of  development  it  has  yet  attained. 

"The  Company  has  gone  to  an  expense  of  f  100,000  to  locate  at  the  World's  Fair  a  plant  which,  while 
large,  is  small  compared  with  its  biggest  single  product.  The  Ice  Railway  is  practically  its  exhibit,  and  to  pro- 
duce it  the  Company  has  in  the  space  covered  two  refrigerating  machines  of  sixty-five  and  fifty  tons  respectively 
run  by  two  Corliss  cut-off"  engines  of  a  mean  aggregate  development  of  145-horse  power,  besides  a  twin  cylinder 
engine  which  operates  the  cable.  The  refrigerating  agent  used  is  anhydrous  ammonia.  It  is  subjected  to  a 
pressure  varying  from  125  to  175  pounds  to  the  square  inch,  and  the  heat  is  squeezed  out  of  it  and  withdrawn  by 
forcing  it  through  coils  of  pipe  while  the  latter  are  in  contact  with  cold  water.  The  heat  is  then  transferred  to 
the  water  surrounding  the  coils.  The  liquified  gas  obtained  in  this  waj'  then  enters  nine  coils  of  expansion  pipe 
two  inches  in  diameter,  which  run  longitudinally  around  the  track  and  are  covered  by  bars  of  iron  three-eighths 
of  an  inch  thick  and  two  inches  wide  laid  laterally  and  imbedded  in  sand.  Having  entered  these  pipes,  the 
pressure  on  the  interior  of  which  is  maintained  at  a  lower  point  than  that  required  for  maintaining  the  gas  in  a 
liquid  state,  the  liquified  gas  re-expands  and  extracts  from  the  pipes  and  the  substances  surrounding  them  the 
same  quantity  of  heat  that  was  previously  given  up  by  the  gas  to  the  water  used  during  the  condensation  and 
liquifaction.  The  result  is  an  ice-cold  condition  of  the  lateral  bars  of  iron,  which,  coming  in  contact  with  the 
moisture  in  the  air,  freezes  it  so  that  it  lays  on  the  track  in  the  form  of  as  perfect  snow  an  inch  deep  as  anyone 
ever  saw  in  midwinter.  The  wide  runners  of  the  bobs,  gliding  over  the  congealed  air,  flattens  it  into  perfect  ice, 
and  there  j-ou  have  the  Ice  Railway.  As  long  as  the  temperature  in  the  pipes,  with  which  the  lateral  strips  of  iron 
are  in  contact,  is  maintained  at  a  low  enough  temperature  no  amount  of  summer  heat  will  melt  the  snow. 

' '  So  far  as  the  safety  of  the  Railway  is  concerned  it  is  entirely  safe  and  there  is  no  danger  whatever. 
Every  precaution  has  been  taken  to  make  the  slightest  accident  impossible.     The  sleighs  which  are  driven 


tandem  are  attached  to  the  bobs  by  the  stoutest  king- bolts,  but  in  order  to  further  insure  their  perfect  safety  wrought 
iron  rods  run  through  Ihe  center  of  each  vehicle  and  the  rod  of  the  hind  sleigh  connects  with  the  rod  of  the 
forward  one  and  insures  rigidity.  To  the  grown  boj'  as  well  as  to  the  small  boy  the  Ice  Railway  appeals  for 
innocent  recreation  and  fun.  The  buildings  surrounding  it  and  part  of  the  attraction  are  verj-  ornate. 
They  have  what  might  be  called  roof  gardens,  which  are  commodious  and  command  a  delightful  breeze  and  the 
prettiest  view  of  the  Ferris  Wheel  and  the  surrounding  panorama  anywhere  obtainable.  In  every  way  the  Ice 
Railway  is  a  healthful,  clean  and  interesting  feature  of  the  Midway,  and  it  will  become  one  of  the  popular 
attractions  of  that  remarkable  adjunct  to  the  fair.  The  character  and  standing  of  the  De  La  Vergne  Company, 
which  operates  the  railway,  is  a  guarantee  that  it  is  well  conducted  and  a  substantial  enterprise.  Besides  this 
exhibit  the.De  La  Vergne  Company  exhibits  a  i5o-ton  refrigerating  machine  a  little  west  of  the  north  main 
entrance  of  Machinery  Hall  and  a  working  model  of  its  machine  from  the  patent  office  at  Washington  in  the 
Government  Building.  In  addition  to  this  the  Bartholomay  Brewing  Company  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  has  a 
complete  model  of  a  brewery  in  operation,  in  the  Agricultural  Building,  containing  one  of  the  De  La  Vergne 
machines." 

The  Chicag-o  Dispatch,  July  8th,  says: 

"Yesterday  the  thermometer  nearly  reached  the  one  hundredth  degree  mark,  and  to-day  is  not  much 
cooler,  yet  amidst  this  sultry  heat  of  midsummer  many  thousands  of  visitors  to  the  Midway  Plaisance  can,  and 
many  did,  enjo\-  the  enviable  pleasure  of  a  genuine  sleigh  ride  on  pure  white  snow. 

"Not  imitation  snow,  but  the  pure  crystal  itself.  It  is  in  itself  worth  a  trip  to  Chicago  and  to  the  World's 
Fair  grounds  from  the  summer  heat  prevailing  throughout  the  surrounding  country  to  come  and  enjoj*  this 
unique  exhibit.  For  while  combining  the  greatest  amount  of  enjoyable  pleasure  to  the  merry  jingle  of  silver 
sleighbells  over  smooth  glistening  snow,  it  is  at  the  same  time  an  e.xhibit  of  the  De  La  Vergne  Refrigerating 
Machine  Company,  of  New  York,  showing  their  process  of  manufacturing  artificial  ice  and  snow  by  their  double 
acting  compressor,  using  anhydrous  ammonia  in  its  process  by  the  direct  expansion  application. 

"It  is  without  a  doubt  the  triumph  of  the  nineteenth  century.  To  thus  overcome  the  forces  of  nature, 
to  thus  battle  against  the  intense  heat  of  a  summer's  sun  and  have  lying  outdoors  beautiful  snow  for  men,  wo- 
men and  children  to  glide  over  with  a  speed  both  exciting  and  thrilling. 

"Since  the  opening  of  this  new  Ice  Railway  a  few  days  since,  thousands  of  visitors  have  availed  them- 
selves daily  of  this  greatest  pleasure  on  Midway,  and  the  letters  written  to  their  homes  are  filled  with  glowing 
accounts  of  a  sleigh  ride  in  midsummer.  Everyone  should  visit  this  and  enjoy  a  ride.  It  is  on  Midwaj',  just 
south  of  the  Ferris  Wheel." 

The  Chicago  Tribune,  July  Qth,  says: 

"  A  sleighride  with  the  thermometer  hovering  around  90"  would  ordinarily  be  considered  paradoxical! 
but  .\merican  skill  and  genius  has  made  it  a  possibility. 

"  ImniediateU'  south  of  the  Ferris  Wheel  on  the  Midway  Plaisance,  is  located  the  Ice  Railway,  where  a 
most  delightful  sleighride  can  be  had  at  any  hour  that  the  Exposition  is  open  to  the  public.  It  will  prove  to  be 
a  never-to-be-forgotten  experience  and  should  be  participated  in  by  ever}'  Exposition  visitor. 

"This  Ice  Railwaj-  is  the  exhibit  of  the  De  La  Vergne  Refrigerating  Machine  Company  of  New  York  City, 
and  while  it  contributes  more  largely  to  the  enjoyment  of  the  visitor  than  any  other  attraction  on  the  grounds 
it  is  especially  designed  to  illustrate  the  working  of  their  refrigerating  process,  which  is  termed  the  direct  expan- 
sion system. 

"Their  plant  here  has  been  erected  regardless  of  expense  and  so  appreciated  is  it  by  the  general  public 
that  it  is  proving  one  of  the  chief  attractions  of  the  Midway  Plaisance." 

The  Chicago  Herald,  July  4th,  says: 

"It  seems  increditable  that  World's  Fair  \nsitors  in  July  can  take  a  sleigh  ride  on  real  snow.  The  Ice 
Railway  is  one  of  the  leading  attractions  on  the  Midway  Plaisance,  near  the  Ferris  Wheel,  and  thousands  of  vis- 
itors will  enjoy  a  ride  to-day  on  this  remarkable  invention.  It  is  erected  and  operated  by  the  De  La  Vergne 
Refrigerating  JIachine  Company  of  New  York,  which  also  has  fine  exhibits  in  the  Government  Building, 
Agricultural  Building  and  Machinery  Hall. 

The  above  extracts  are  a  few  of  thousands  of  press  notices  the  Ice 
Railway  are  recei\incr  daily  from  all  parts  of  the  countr\-,  which  give  suffi- 
cient evidence  of  the  uniqueness  of  this  novel  exhibit.  It  is  truly  wonderful 
and  will  be  remembered  by  visitors  to  the  Exposition  as  one  of  the  most 
interesting  of  all  the  exhibits  seen. 

Col.  Wm.  L.  Distin,  one  of  the  proprietors,  is  the  efficient  manager. 
His  residence  is  in  Ouincy,  111.,  where  he  has  had  years  of  experience  in  the 


produce,  cold  storag-c  and  ice  making  business.  To  him  great  credit  is  due 
for  making  the  Ice  Railway  the  great  success  it  has  attained,  and  one  of 
the  most  popular  resorts  at  the  World's  Fair.  Col.  Distin  is  a  genial  and 
pleasant  gentleman,  and  has  the  happy  faculty  of  making  visitorslfeel  "at 
home."  He  is  Past  Commander  Department  of  Illinois,  G.  A.  R.  To  all 
he  gives  a  warm  welcome.     He  is  modest  and  unassuming,  and  possesses 


>i 


Manager  Ice  Railway 

wonderful  executive  ability.  Col.  Distin  will  ha\e  the  honor  of  being  man- 
ager of  the  first  Ice  Railway  ever  put  in  operation. 

The  officers  of  the  De  La  Vergne  Refrigerating  Machine  Co.  are: 
John  C.  DeLa  Vergne,  President;  Louis  Block,  Vice-President;  Louis  E. 
De  La  Vergne,  Treasurer;  Charles  H.  Cone,  Secretary. 

They  have  branch  offices  in  Philadelphia,  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis,  Chi- 
cago, San  Francisco,  New  Orleans,  and  in  London,  Eng.;  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land; Chamond  (  Loire),  France. 


Princess  Hulalia  and  Hscort 

On  Midway  Plaisaitce 


Midway  Plaisaxce 

Loohing  East  from  Western  Entrance 


VoLCaNo  of  ¥)mQuza 


The  Volcano  of  Kilauea,  as  an  educational  exhibit  is  equal  to  any- 
thing at  the  Great  Fair.  It  is  a  correct  and  faithful  representation  of  the 
world's  g-reat  mystery — an  active  volcano — made  from  studies  on  the  spot. 

The  original  Volcano  of  Kilauea  is  on  the  Island  of  Hawaii,  in  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  two  thousand  miles  southwest  of  San  Francisco. 


X'OLCANO  OF  KiLAUK.V 

It  is  located  14  miles  from  the  sea  at  an  elevation  of  4,000  feet,  on  the 
flank  of  Mauna  Loa,  which  rises  to  a  height  of  over  13,000  feet. 

The  new  \"olcano  of  Kilauea  is  on  the  Midway  Plaisance,  opposite 
Old  Vienna. 

Language  utterly  fails  to  adequately  describe  the  awful  grandeur  of 
the  vast  crater  and  the  terrible  fascination  of  the  mighty  forces  constantly 
in  action  within  its  frowning  walls,  but  a  few  volcanic  facts  will  give  some 
conception  of  what  the  \-olcano  is  and  its  method  of  action. 

The  western  walls  of  the  crater  are  massivx  overhanging  precipices 
of  jagged  lava,  seamed  with  chasms  and  earthquake  cracks,  rising  sheer  500 
feet  and  more  from  the  black  desolation  at  their  base,  and  stretching  away 
at  their  tops  into  miles  of  sandy  deserts. 


On  the  east  side  of  the  crater  a  kixuriant  tropical  forest  covers  the 
surrounding  country,  and  oxerflows  dt)\\n  the  banks  to  the  \"ery  floor  of 
the  crater,  vividly  contrasting  its  delicate  ferns  and  creepers,  its  brilliant  scar- 
let blossoms  and  its  many  shaded  green  foliage  with  the  glistening  black  of 
the  freshly  frozen  lava.  The  distinctive  characteristics  of  the  crater  is  perpet- 
ual change.  Each  day  and  each  hour  works  a  more  or  less  radical  change  in 
the  landscape.  The  lakes  of  liquid  lava  are  found  in  no  other  volcano. 
They  are  actual  lakes  of  boiling,  hissing,  seething  lava,  varying  from  50  to 
1,200  feet  in  diameter  and  extending  to  unknown  depths,  within  which  the 
liquid  blood  red  lava  surges  against  the  imprisoned  walls  in  great  breakers  of 
fire,  dashing  its  red  hot  spray  into  the  air,  while  from  its  depths  masses  of  mol- 


VlSTAS  OF  KiLAUEA — A  BlOW  HoLE 

ten  rock  burst  upward  in  mighty  billows,  jets  and  fountains,  flinging  the 
molten  metal  aloft  in  a  wild  confusion  of  scintillating  fireworks. 

The  volcano  at  the  World's  Fair  is  a  life  like  representation  of  the 
great  volcano.  The  spectator  approaches  through  a  passage  way  which 
gives  an  interior  view  of  the  blow  holes  and  laxa  tubes,  lined  with  sta- 
lactites formed  by  a  splashing  up  of  lava,  and  finally  arrives  at  a  point 
of  \iew  on  the  lava  at  the  center  of  the  crater.  Actixe  lakes,  blow  holes 
and  lava  streams  are  in  the  immediate  foreground,  the  surrounding  walls 
of  the  crater  are  in  the  middle  distance,  with  a  background  formed  by  the 
snow  capped  mountains  of  Mauna  Kea  and  Mauna  Loa  on  one  side  suc- 
ceeded by  the  sweep  around  the  circle  by  the  wooded  hills  of  Hilo,  which 


in  turn  melts  on  the  l)road  l)lue  Pacific  on  the  horizon.  A  distingfuishiny: 
feature  of  the  exhibit  will  be  the  production  of  electrical  and  mechanical 
devices  of  fire  effects,  and  hot  lava  eruptions  of  a  realistic  and  startliny^ 
character. 

There  is  no  record  of  the  day  when  Kilauea  first  reared  its  head  above 
the  blue  waters  of  the  Pacific.  It  is  one  of  the  few  survivors  of  the  great 
world  builders,  which,  at  the  dawn  of  creation  and  for  thousands  of  years 
thereafter  built  mountains  and  raised  continents  from  the  bottom  of  the 
sea.  The  volcano  on  the  Fair  (Grounds  is  the  growth  of  o\'er  two  years  of 
study  and  work.  It  was  constructed  in  its  entirety  by  Walter  \\\  Hurridge, 
the  Chicago  artist,  who  visited  the  volcano  in  1891,  making  his  sketches  and 


X'lSIAS  OI-   KiL.AUMA 

Studies  on  the  ground.  He  was  ably  assisted  by  C.  H.  Ritter,  who  con- 
structed the  foreground.  In  mechanical  detail  the  cyclorama  consists  of 
a  painting  400  feet  long  by  50  feet  high,  suspended  in  a  circle  around  a  fore- 
ground of  realistic  lava  flows,  blow  holes,  crags  and  chasms  marvelously 
real.  The  exhibit  is  entirely  by  electric  light,  the  fire  effects  produced 
being  wonderful  in  their  intensity.  The  entire  production  is  a  masterpiece  of 
art  and  realism.  The  financial  cost  of  the  exhibit  has  been  l)orne  entirely  by 
Honolulu  capitalists,  a  corporation  with  a  capital  stock  of  $82,000  ha\ing 
been  formed  to  build  it.  While  the  volcano  is  a  stern  reality  it  has  its 
poetry  in  Pele,  the  Hawaiian  Goddess  of  Fire.  The  traditions  say  that  she 
was  the  most  beautiful  woman  that  ever  lived,  and  the  most  capricious. 
She  made  her  home  on   \arious  islands  from  which  she  was  successi\-ely 


driven  by  the  water  god  Kamapuaa,  who  had  the  body  of  a  man  and  the 
head  of  a  hog".  She  finally  took  refuge  in  the  volcano  of  Kilauea,  where 
she  maintains  herself  to  this  da>'.  Wlienever  her  wrath  was  excited  she 
would  turn  into  a  lava  flow  or  throw  masses  of  hot  rocks  and  overwhelm 
her  enemies.  A  statue  of  the  fair  goddess  25  feet  in  height  has  been  erected 
over  the  entrance  of  the  volcano  building.  It  represents  her  seated  upon  a 
lava  flow,  a  torch  of  fire  extended  aloft  in  one  hand  and  a  mass  of  lava 
which  she  is  about  to  throw,  in  the  other.  Her  hair  is  blown  wildly  back 
and  there  is  a  terrible  frown  upon  her  beautiful  face,  as  she  prepares  to  annihil- 
ate her  enemies.  'i"he  statue  is  the  largest  but  one  in  the  entire  Fair  Grounds. 
It  was  designed,  and  executed  by  Mrs.  Ellen  Rankin  Copp,  of  Chicago. 


ViST.vs  oi'-  Kilauea 

The  management  of  the  volcano  is  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  \\'m. 
F.  Sesser,  of  St.  Joseph,  Mich.,  a  gentleman  of  pronounced  executive  abil- 
ity, and  he  has  left  nothing  undone  to  make  this  exhibit  one  of  the  \ery 
best  attractions  at  the  Fair.  In  order  to  more  fully  represent  Hawaii,  he 
secured  a  quartette  of  native  Hawaiians  of  more  than  ordinary  musical 
ability.  The  sweet  singing  of  this  quartette  is  beyond  doubt  a  feature  of 
the  Midway  Plaisance.  They  are  cultured  gentlemen,  and  all  speak  En- 
glish fluently.  In  singing,  they  are  arranged  as  follows:  ist  tenor,  Mr. 
Keoni  Maipinepine;  2d  tenor,  Mr.  Keoni  Elemene;  baritone,  Mr.  A.  O. 
East  Kahualualii;  bass,  Mr.  Williama  Aeko.  When  looking  upon  the 
great  painting  of  the  volcano,  and  hearing  them  sing  their  native  songs, 
makes  one  feel  as  though  they  were  in  reality  in  far  away  Hawaii. 


The  A00R13M  PALacG 

/lud  lis  Startling  IVonders 


On  the  first  floor  is  located  the  I^alm  (iarden,  a  \eritable  forest  of  gen- 
uine palm  trees,  representing  a  great  many  varieties  of  this  queen  of  trees. 
The  scene  is  one  of  true  Oriental  beauty.  The  effect  is  enhanced  by  groups 
of  Arabs,  among  whom  a  Bedouin  chief,  in  arms  and  armor,  and  many 
other  figures  as  natural  as  life.  Here  also  is  seen  a  well  of  apparently 
fathomless  depths  and  many   more  pleasing  features.     Entering  next  the 


C.  D.  \\'.\kRi:\  J.\Mi:s  Hi. air 

Moorish  Castle  is  a  representation  of  the  world  famed  ".Mhamhra,"  the 
"enchanted  palace.""  The  architectural  effects  are  unparalleled.  Away  from 
the  beholder  stretch  endless  colonnades,  capped  by  graceful  arches,  all  in 
gold  and  brilliant  colors.  This  castle  with  its  many  and  xarious  parts  is  a 
perfect  labyrinth.  In  one  of  its  parts  is  located  the  Harem,  representing 
one  of  the  prixate  apartments  of  the  Padishah,  richly  decorated  with  fine 
antique  oriental  tapestries.  The  Sultan  is  seen  surrounded  1)\-  his  fax-orites 
of  the  harem.  We  find  oursehes  next,  again  in  a  bewildering  labyrinth  of 
colonnades  and  nooks.  We  are  amazed  and  amused,  for — turn  where  you 
will — we  are  unable  to  find  our  way  out  of  it,  and  are  finall\-  compelled  to 
ask  the  assistance  of   an  attendant  to  make  our  escape. 

We  next  enter  the  Cave,  a  grotto  formed  and  filled  1)>-  stalactites. 
The  scene  is  weird.  Large  boulders  are  piled  up  around  us,  and  from 
behind  them  and  out  of  the  dark  corners  gnomes  and  devils  peep  inquisi- 
tively.    In  this  cave  is  seen  a  characteristic  representation  of  the  "Origin  of 


Moorish  Palace 


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of  the  Harp,"  after  the  celebrated  poem  of  Thomas  Moore.  Here  we  see 
also  "The  Ride  On  The  Razor,"  a  pastime  with  which  his  Satanic  Majesty 
amuses  himself  in  his  idle  hours.  Leaving  the  cave  we  ascend  a  few  steps 
and  find  ourselves  in  the  monster  kaleidoscope.  The  presence  of  half  a  dozen 
people  upon  this  platform  will  create  a  delusion  of  countless  thousands. 

On  the  second  floor  of  the  Palace  are  found  groups  and  scenes,  each 
upon  a  separate  stage,  set  with  appropriate  scenic  decorations. 

All  wax  figures  and  scenery  are  furnished  by  the  celebrated  sculptors, 
Louis  and  Gustav  Castan,  of  Berlin,  and  the  collection  here  shown  is  really 
a  reproduction  of  the  world-famed  Castan's  Panopticum,  of  Berlin.  "The 
Assassination  of  Lincoln,"  "Luther  in  the  Midst  of  His  Family,"  "Louis 
Castan,  the  Sculptor,  in  His  Studio,"  "A  Moorish  Execution,"  "Niente  da 
fare,"  "The  Fountain  of  Perennial  Youth,"  "Behind  the  Scenes,"  "The 
Poacher,"  "Christ  and  the  Samaritan  Woman  at  the  Well,"  "Robert  Koch 
in  His  Laboratory,"  "  Little  Red  Riding  Hood,"  "The  Sleeping  Beauty," 
"On  Guard,"  "The  Dying  Zouave,"  "Public  Punishment  of  Scolds  in  the 
Middle  Ages,"  etc.,  etc.,  besides  a  complete  Gallery  of  Reigning  Monarchs, 
Statesmen,  Poets,  Artists,  etc. 

In  a  separate  room  on  the  west  side  of  the  gallery,  is  shown  a  dio- 
rama representing  the  scene  of  the  Execution  of  Marie  Antoinette,  show- 
ing the  Scaffold  and  Guillotine  used  in  her  execution.  Certificates  authen- 
ticating the  genuiness  of  the  same  are  exhibited  at  the  entrance  to  this  room. 

The  unparalleled  success  enjoyed  by  this  attraction  is  attributable  to  the 
exceptionally  shrewd  business  management  of  the  gentlemen  directly  inter- 
ested in  its  operation.  The  knowledge  shown  by  them  in  placing  in  this 
enchanted  place  so  many  rare  and  wonderful  things  for  the  entertainment 
of  the  public,  prove  them  to  be  masters  of  human  nature. 

Mr.  C.  D.  Warren,  President  of  the  Moorish  Palace,  is  a  gentleman 
of  rare  entertaining  qualities,  having  through  life  followed  that  motto, 
"laugh  and  the  world  laughs  with  you."  He  is  a  native  of  Worcester, 
Mass.,  where  he  was  born  in  1845.  His  wonderful  aptitude  for  learning 
was  evinced  in  the  fact  that  at  the  age  of  19  years  he  graduated  with  high 
honors  from  Chauncy  Hall  School,  of  Boston,  Mass.  Leaving  school  he 
engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business  in  Boston,  afterwards  going  to  New 
York,  and  finally  locating  in  Chicago,  where  at  present  he  is  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Curtis  &:  Warren,  232  5th  Avenue,  enjoying  a  lucrative  business. 
Associated  with  Mr.  Warren  as  Company  Stockholders  in  the  Moorish 
Palace  are  some  of  Chicago's  most  prominent  business  men. 

The  business  management  of  the  Moorish  Palace  is  in  the  hands  of 
Mr.  James  Blair,  a  young  man  of  more  than  ordinary  business  ability,  being 


in  fact  the  youngest  business  manager  of  any  of  the  attractions  on  Midway 
Plaisance.  Mr.  Blair  was  born  in  JoHet,  111.,  in  1862,  and  after  spending 
his  early  life  on  his  father's  farm,  become  interested  in  the  business  of 
importing  horses,  making  several  trips  across  the  ocean  for  that  purpose 
After  ten  years  of  success  in  that  business  he  sold  out  to  engage  in  the 
furniture  and  undertaking  business,  in  which  he  was  more  than  successful. 
The  craze  for  World's  Fair  enterprises  coming  on  he  sold  out  his  business 
and  came  to  Chicago  where  he  at  once  became  identified  with  the  great 
success  of  the  Moorish  Palace.  His  constant  attention  to  the  wishes  and 
desires  of  an  exacting  public  places  this  gentleman  in  the  front  ranks  of 
business  managers. 


First  Rou.m.v.xia.x  Roy.vl  Coxcert  B.\xu 

The  selection  and  purchase  of  the  wonderful  collection  shoWn  in  the 
Moorish  Palace  could  not  possibly  have  fallen  into  better  hands  than  those 
of  the  secretary  of  the  company,  Mr.  Sigmund  Zeisler,  a  gentleman  of  the 
highest  literary  attainment,  and  therefore  especially  fitted  for  a  task  requir- 
ing both  judgment  and  thorough  familiarity  with  historic  facts.  Mr.  Zeis- 
ler, although  but  34  years  old,  is  a  lawyer  of  wide  reputation,  being  at 
present  first  assistant  Corporation  Counsel  of  Chicago.  He  is  a  nati\e  of 
Austria,  and  a  graduate  of  the  Imperial  College  of  Bielitz,  Silesia.  He 
studied  law  at  the  University  of  Vienna  for  fi\e  years  where,  in  1883  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Law  was  conferred  upon  him.  Coming  to  Chicago  in 
the  same  year,  he  graduated  from  the  Northwestern  Fni\'ersity  Law  School 
in  1884,  recei\'ing  the  degree  of  LL.  B.,  since  which  time  he  has  been  act- 
ively engaged  in  the  practice  of  law. 


The  first  IxDumanian  Royal  Concert 
Hand,  now  playing- in  the  Moorish  Palace, 
is  an  org-anization  of  surpassing  ability. 
This  wonderful  company  of  musicians,  is 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  J.  Negreskou, 
a  native  Roumanian,  and  a  gentleman  of 
rare  musical  attainments.  Born  in  i86q, 
he  was  educated  in  the  Conservatory  of 
Bucharest  in  \-ocaI  and  instrumental  music, 
as  in  addition  to  his  exceptional  mastery 
of  the  \'iolin,  he  is  a  tenor  soloist  seldom 
met  \\ith  in  the  musical  world.  He  has 
travelled  all  o\er  the  Morld,  gi\iny^  con- 
certs in  almost  all  the  important  places  of 
both  hemispheres,  receiving  unbounded 
I)raise  and  applause  from  his  listeners. 
At  the  Paris  exposition  of  i88q,  he  was 
honored  with  a  gold  medal,  and  at  the  Bremen  Industrial  Exposition,  iSgo, 
received  a  diploma  as  an  attest  of  his  ability,  receiving  also  diplomas  from 
the  National  Exposition  in  Vienna,  and  the  Jubileum  in  Prague.  Having: 
made  a  contract  with  the  manag;ers  of  the  Moorish  Palace,  he  came  to  this 
country  last  winter,  bringing  with  him  a  company  of  i6  people,  four  ladies 
and  twelve  g:entlemen,  and,  being  a  musician  of  so  pronounced  abilit\'  him- 
self, it  is  hardly  necessary  to  state  that  his  company  is  made  up  of  persons 
of  acknowledged  talent.  After  finishing  his  engagement  with  the  Moorish 
Palace,  he  will  attend  the  Midwinter  Exposition  at  California,  taking  with 
him  a  company  of  Bo  people,  after  which  he  will  tour  the  large  American 
cities.  Mr.  Negreskou,  besides  being  a  musician,  is  a  linguist  of  note, 
speaking  not  less  than  ten  different  languages.  He  also  sings  in  solo  and 
in  chorus  in  all  the  languages  spoken  by  him. 

A  very  pronounced  feature  of  this  wonderful  organization  is  the  P^ar- 
bianu  sisters,  Misses  Sophie,  Rosa  and  Helma,  portraits  of  whom  are  shown 
on  a  preceding  page.  Rosa  and  Helma  have  toured  Europe  for  the  past 
six  years,  receiving  homage  and  applause  from  all  lovers  of  music  before 
whom  they  have  appeared.  Miss  Sophie  Farbianu,  the  younger  of 
the  trio,  is  now  for  the  first  time  before  the  public,  and  although  the  time 
has  been  brief,  she  has  made  for  herself  a  world  of  friends  and  admirers. 

Mr.  Negreskou  is  a  composer  of  international  fame  and  in  addition  to 
his  many  compositions  made  in  Europe,  has  written  several  very  fine  pieces 
of  music  since  coming  to  America,  which  are  for  sale  in  all  music  stores. 


"■ft      ,.^  -  ""    - 


Cadets  from  Orchard  Lake,  Mich. 

0>t  Midway  Plaisance 


MlDA\AY  PlAISANCE 

Looking  East  front  Ferris  Wheel 


Just  immediately  west  of  the  Ferris  Wheel 
is  located  the  Vienna  Cafe  and  Restaurant 
owned  and  operated  by  Mr.  WilhelmGriesser. 
This  place  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  Cafes 
on  the  Plaisance,  as  the  accompanying-  illus- 
tration will  show.     In  addition  to  the  serxing 
of  refreshments  Mr.Griesser  furnishes  a  wiude- 
\ille  entertainment  made  up  of  strictly  first-  / 
class  talent.     On  the  second  floor,  where  the 
theatre  is  located 
is   a    thoroughly 
equipped  restau- 
rant, which,  from 
the    opening    of 
the  Fair,  has  en- 
joyed  a    patron- 
age  that    is    all 
that  could  be  de- 
sired.   Mr.  Gries- 
ser  is  a  native  of 
Baden,  Germany, 
where     he     was 
born  in  1857;  and 
immediately    af- 
ter leavingschooL 
engaged    in    the 
profession     of 

building  and  architecture,  as  his  father  was  engaged  in  the  same  business. 
In  November,  1881,  he  came  to  America,  locating  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  in 
1884  became  a  resident  of  Chicago,  where  he  has  been  in  business  ever 
since.  His  special  business  is  l)uilding  breweries,  malt  houses  and  distill- 
eries, having  built  some  of  the  largest  in  the  West.  As  an  architect,  Mr. 
Griesser  enjoys  an  enviable  reputation,  having  his  office  at  1 19  La  Salle 
Street. 

With  the  opening  of  the  Hxposition,  he  at  once  recognized  a  good  busi- 
ness opportunity  in  the  conducting  of  a  first-class  Cafe  and  Restaurant  on 
the  Midway  Plaisance,  hence  his  present  ownership  of  this  most  delightful 
resort.  Although  this  is  Iiis  first  effort  as  a  restaurateur  he  has  certainly 
made  a  great  success  of  it,  as  the  large  dail\-  attendance  at  his  place  of 
business  fullv  attests. 


VIENNA  CAFE  AND  RESTAURANT 

West  of  Ferris  Wheel 


ScENK  IN  The  Javanese  Village 


JoMoRE.  Village 


Sultan  of 


Johore,  the  little  sultanate  which  has  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  the  southernmost  pt^rtion  of  the 
continent  of  Asia,  is  probably  the  smallest  nation 
in  the  world  to  make  an  exhibit  at  the  Columbian 
Exposition.  Through  the  solicitation  of  Mr. 
Rounsevelle  Wildman,  then  United  States  Consul 
at  Singapore  and  at  present  I'nited  States  World's 
Fair  Commissioner  for  the  Straits  Settlement  and 
Borneo,  His  Highness,  Abu  Baker,  Sultan  of 
lohore,  sent  an  exhibit  to  Chicago  of  which,  when 
placed  in  comparison  with  some  of  his  more 
mighty  neighbors,  he  may  well  be  proud.  Besides 
the  permanent  exhibit  in  the  Agricultural  Building,  he  has  placed  on  Mid- 
way Plaisance,  just  west  of  the  South  Sea  Island  Village,  a  typical  Malayan 
bungalow  and  village  with  which  the  illustration  in  this  article  deals. 

The  bungalow,  which  occupies  the  center  of  the  space,  was  made  in 
Johore  under  the  supervision  of  the  Prince.  Governor  of  Muar,  the  north- 
ernmost province  of 
the  sultanate,  and  is 
constructed  of  the 
finest  native  woods. 
It  stands  seven  feet 
from  the  ground  on 
palm  posts,  out  of 
the  reach  of  tigers, 
snakes  and  white 
ants.  It  is  furnished 
in  Malayan  style  with 
a  Rajah's  bed,  eating 
throne,  loom  for  the 
weaving  of  the  na- 
tional articles  of 
dress,  thesarong,  and  1  iii-  i  i.v  Boui  ii  of  Johore  Villagf: 

contains  a  complete  collection  of  implements  of  war  and  agriculture,  games 
of  chance,  archaic  time-pieces  and  coins,  besides  Chinese  curios  contributed 


by  His  Highness'  Chinese  subjects,  of  which  he  has  over  200,000.  In  the 
village  proper,  which  is  composed  of  attap  thatched  booths,  Johore  tea, 
from  the  private  gardens  of  His  Highness,  and  ananas,  the  national  drink, 
is  served  and  Malayan  and  Chinese  curios  are  sold.  The  Sultanate  of 
Johore,  which  besides  Siam,  is  the  only  independent  kingdom  in  Southern 
Asia,  is  situated  on  the  notorious  old  Strait  of  Malacca,  fourteen  miles 
north  from  the  city  of  Singapore.  It  has  a  population  of  between  400,000 
and  500,000  and  an  area  of  15,000  square  miles.  Its  revenue  amounts  to 
over  $6,000,000  a  year,  which  is  derived  principally  from  opium  and  spirit 
monopolies  and  a  small  import  tax  on  gambler  and  tin. 

The  country  is  owned  by  the  Sultan  and  the  ground  for  mining  and 
farming  is  parceled  out,  tax  free,  to  any  one  who  cares  to  take  it  up.  to  hold 
and  occupy  as  long  as  it  is  worked.  When  neglected  or  given  up  it  re\'erts 
to  the  crown.  His  Highness,  who  is  now  at  Cowes.  Isle  of  Wight,  on  his 
way  to  the  Exposition,  is  fifty-six  years  old.  He  is  educated,  intelligent 
and  progressive.  While  his  rule  is  despotic  it  is  tempered  with  western 
standards  of  justice  and  mercy. 


sSoUTM  v3eA  laLAKD  VlISlSAQE  AND  ThEATRE 


The  South  Sea  Island  Village  consists  of  a  group  of  houses  brought 
from  Samoan,  Fiji  and  Wallis  Islands.  The  largest  of  these  houses  belong- 
ing to  King  Mataafa  the  deposed  ruler  of  Samoa,  who  occupied  it  for 
years.  It  made  is  from  the  wood  of  the  bread-fruit  tree  and  thatched  with 
leaves  of  the  wild  sugar-cane.  There  are  a  number  of  other  native  houses, 
which  are  occupied  by  natives  from  the  different  Islands,  showing  their 
every-day  life.  Curios  of  native  manufacture  which  embrace  many  curios- 
ities in  the  way  of  weapons  and  articles  made  from  the  bread-fruit  tree,  tapa 
(  native  )  cloth,  etc.,  are  for  sale.  W' ar  canoes  that  have  seen  active  service 
in  the  south  seas  are  on  exhibition.  The  Samoans  themselves  are  the  old- 
est race  of  the  South  seas.  Dances  are  given  in  the  theatre  which  are 
reallv  wonderful. 


'Vhk  Japanese  Bazaar 

Midway  Plaisaitcc 


CoisoRADO  (loisD  AiNm(i  Bami^it 


An  exhibit,  at  once  unique  and  no\'el,  and  aboNC  all  very  educational, 
is  the  Colorado  Gold  Mining  Exhibit,  located  on  the  south  side  of  the 
Plaisance,  just  opposite  the  Electric  Scenic  Theatre.  The  exhibit  shows  a 
gold  mine  in  full  operation;  men  with  their  picks,  hoisting  machines,  the 
underground  railroad,  all  in  active  working  order.  The  actual  working  of 
a  mine  is  here  shown  in  detail. 


William  Keast  photobycbso,. 

This  really  wonderful  piece  of  mechanism  is  the  invention  of  Mr. 
\\'illiam  Keast,  a  native  of  Cornwall  County,  England,  where  he  was  born 
in  1857.  Leaving  his  home  in  1879,  stopping  for  a  short  period  in  Canada, 
he  went  dfrectly  to  Colorado,  locating  in  Gilpin  County,  where  he  at  once 
began  working  in  gold  mines.  Being  of  an  observent  mind,  he  was  quick 
to  see  the  great  interest  shown  by  the  many  visitors  to  the  mines  in  which 
he  was  working,  and  conceived  the  idea  of  making  a  model  of  a  gold  mine 
in  full  operation,  as  only  by  seeing  a  model  can  an  accurate  idea  be  formed 
of  the  way  in  which  the  mineral  is  taken  from  the  earth;  the  model  show- 
ing a  sectional  view. 

Leaving  the  mines,  he  spent  four  years  and  a  half  in  working  out  his 
invention,  succeeding  so  well  that  after  being  inspected  by  thousands  of 
mining  experts,  professors  from  mining  schools,  and  the  Den\er  Mining 
Exchange,  all  unanimously  pronounced  it  perfect  in  every  detail.  A  person 
seeing  this  exhibit,  will  gain  more  knowledge  of  the  true  working  of  a  mine 
than  if  they  visited  a  regular  mine  fifty  times.  The  great  success  met  with 
at  this  Exposition  by  Mr.  Keast  has  caused  him  to  arrange  for  space  at  the 
Midwinter  Exposition,  to  be  held  at  San  Francisco,  and  also  at  the  one  to 
be  held  at  Antwerp,  Belgium 


In  the  Electric  Scenic  Theatre  (A 
chi\-  in  the  Alps),  Mr.  Arthur  Schwarz, 
Concessionaire,  is  shown  something"  really 
wonderful. 

The  stage  picture  is  a  beautiful  Swiss 
Alpine  scenery,  depicting"  in  a  realistic 
way  every  change  of  nature  shown  from 
dawn  to  night,  as  each  gradually  appears, 
and  representing"  some  of  the  most  won- 
derfully realistic  light  effects  ever  pro- 
duced by  electric  lamps.  It  is  almost  beyond  belief  that  the  \isitor  is  not 
looking  at  a  marvelous  production  of  nature  itself,  instead  of  a  picture  cre- 
ated by  an  ingenious  and  artistic  display  of  electric  lights.  The  scene 
represents  "  A  Day  in  the  Alps."  Tyrolean  warblers  perform  on  their  var- 
ious instruments,  and  sing  their  tuneful  lays.  Their  renowned  "yodels."  as 
sung  at  each  performance,  are  applicable  to  the  scenery.  The  entire  scenic 
effects  are  produced  by  about  250  electric  incandescent  lamps,  operated  from 
in  front  of  the  stage,  in  full  \  iew  oi"  the  audience,  liy  switches.  The 
interior  of  the  theatre  is  handsomely  furnished  with  comfortable  chairs. 
There  are  nine  electric  fans,  producing  a  permanent  current  of  fresh  air, 
keeping  the  whole  room  at  a  low  temperature  and  as  refreshing  as  a  sea 
breeze,  it  matters  not  how  hot  it  may  be  outside. 


Entrance  to  Javanese  Village 


The  (ieraan  Villagh 


The  Midway  Plaisance  would  indeed  be  incomplete  but  for  the  fact  that 
the  German  Villaije  is  located  there.  No  display  in  the  entire  World's 
Fair  combines  in  itself  so  much  calculated  to  awaken  American  curiosity 
and  (ierman  interest.  It  was  to  the  untiring'  efforts  of  Dr.  I Jlrich  Jahn  of 
Berlin,  a  pupil  and  friend  of  the  learned  Prof.  Virchow,  that  the  conces- 


C.  B.  Schmidt 

Director-General  German  Village 

sion  and  assignment  of  space  for  the  erection  of  an  ideal  German  \'illage, 
with  its  many  social  features,  became  an  established  fact.  With  a  feeling 
of  loyal  patriotism  and  business  enterprise,  the  Deutsche  Bank  and  the 
National  Bank  fuer  Deutschland,  two  of  the  leading  financial  institutions  of 
Berlin,  entered  into  the  idea  and  backed  their  belief  by  assisting  in  the  pro- 
motion of  a  corporation  with  a  capital  of  1,200,000  marks,  under  the  name 
of  the  "  German  Ethnographic  Exhibition,  Limited."  Their  plans  having 
been  finally  made  they  at  once  set  about  to  make  the  German  \'illage  what 
it  has  since  proven  to  be — a  grand  success  every  w  ay. 

Carl  Hoffercker,  architect  to  the  German  Imperial  Commission  at  the 
World's  Fair,  designed  the  plans,  and  Philip  Holzman  c^-  Co.,  one  of  the 
greatest  building  firms  in  Europe,  had  charge  of  the  buildings,  all  of  which 
were  constructed  in  Germany  and  set  up  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main  before 
being  shipped  to  Chicago. 


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It  is  a  product  of  Germany,  pure  and  simple.  It  was  possible  because 
the  frame  work  of  these  buildintjs  is  stout  timber  from  the  Black  Forest 
so  joined  as  to  need  no  nails,  except  for  interior  details.  Philip  Holzman 
wanted  to  feel  sure  that  these  timbers  fitted  their  places.  Once  assured, 
it  was  easy  to  send  over  German  workmen,  fill  in  the  plaster  where  needed 
and  apply  the  decoration. 

From  bet^'inning  to  end,  the  village  is  a  product  of  Germany,  e\'en  to 
the  music.  The  original  intention  was  to  bring  over  two  military  bands  in 
active  service.     To  this  the  Kaiser  would  not  listen;  he  said  they  could  not 


Hi<:lmet,  in  MusI'U.m 


SI':al  of  German  Empiric 


be  spared  from  the  regiments.  Moreover,  under  no  circumstances  could 
they  remain  away  six  months.  However,  being  greatly  interested  in 
the  success  of  the  German  Village,  the  Kaiser  permitted  two  bands 
to  be  formed  out  of  existing  bands  selected  from  fifteen  hundred  picked 
musicians  who  entered  into  competition  for  the  honor  of  representing  their 
country  in  America.  The  Cavalry  Band  of  twenty-four  pieces,  represents 
the  Garde  du  Corps  or  Imperial  Body  Guard.  The  Infantry  Band,  num- 
bering forty-eight  performers,  contains  wood  as  well  as  brass  instruments, 
and  is  led  by  a  veteran,  distinguished  for  brave  service  in  three  wars. 

Both  Bands  wear  the  regular  German  army  uniform. 

The  German  Village  spends  $100,000  on  two  bands  as  a  matter  of 
course,  knowing  that  music  is  the  one  investment  that  pays. 

But,  to  the  description  of  this  charming  village,  for  charming  it  is. 

Entering  from  the  centre  avenue  of  Midway  Plaisance,  the  visitor  finds 
himself  in  the  midst  of  a  group  of  quaint  structures.  On  his  left  he  sees 
the  rich  and  massive  facade  of  a  Hessian  Town  Hall,  with  its  traditional 
"Bridal  Stairs."  Ascending  this  he  is  greeted  within  by  several  typically 
furnished  peasant  rooms,  with  all  their  home-like  attributes,  even  now  fre- 
quently met  with  in  obscure  settlements  distant  from  the  railways.     Op])0- 


Knight  ox  Horse-Back 

In  Museum,  German  Village 


site  the  Hessian  Town  Hall  and  to  the  rJQ-ht  of  the  entrance,  a  Black  Forest 
peasant  home  is  seen. 

L'pon  its  low  foundation  the  pointed  roof  of  the  Westphalian  house 
looms  up  high.  Diai^onally  across  from  the  Westphalian  stands  the  upper 
Bavarian  house  of  pronounced  hii^-hland  type.  Across  a  small  stream  of 
water,  the  house  of  the  Spreewald  is  disclosed,  with  its  small,  deepset  win- 
dows, its  hii^h,  thatched  roof  and  gable,  crowned  w  ith  the  old  wendic  sym- 
bol, the  W'olfshead.     The  center  of  the  entire  space  of  780  x  225  feet,  is 


T/VTToo,  With  Medlkval  Trumpets 

German  Cavalry 

occupied  by  a  castle  of  the  type  of  the  early  Sixteenth  century,  surmounted 
by  turrets  and  spires  and  surrounded  by  a  moat  16  feet  wide  with  the  addi- 
tional protection  of  hii.jh  palisades. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  castle  Cierman  sociability  triumphs.  Large 
open  halls  constructed  in  ornamental  woodwork,  surround  an  open,  wooded 
space  filled  with  tables  and  chairs  enough  for  several  thousand  people- 
Within  this  garden  the  two  bands  aboxe  mentioned,  give  concerts  during 
the  afternoon  and  evening,  under  the  direction  of  two  prominent  Prussian 
band  leaders.    These  two  bands  have  been  organized  by  Herman  Wolfl", 


HESSIAN  TOWN  HALL 


MAIN  FRONT,  PORTAL  AND  DRAW  BRIDGE  OF  CASTLE 

THE  GERMAN  VILLAGE 

(ll-KMAN  X'lLLAGM 


the  director  of  the  celebrated  Philharmonic  at  Berhn,  with  the  aid  of  the 
Prussian  army  inspector,  Rossberg,  who  is  the  head  of  all  the  Prussian 
army  music. 

Beyond  a  Bastion  where  stands  a  soldier  clad  in  the  armor  of  the 
Fourteenth  century,  we  pass  into  a  museum  as  rare  as  it  is  interesting,  where 
30,000  pieces  of  old  armor  share  the  honors  with  antique  jewelry,  knives,  forks, 
spoons,  swords,  saddles,  spears,  pistols,  guns,  everything  conceivable  and 
inconceivable  in  the  way  of  rare  European  curios.  Even  old  masters  like 
Albert  Durer   and    Raphael  are  included.    This  wonderful  collection  was 


The  Castle — German  Village 

made  by  a  wealthy  manufacturer  of  Saxony,  Mr.  Richard  Zschille,  Tower 
Councillor  of  (irossenhain.  He  has  left  at  home  quite  as  \-aluable  a 
mu.seum  as  he  has  brought  with  him.  This  exhibit  in  the  castle  of  the 
German  Village  is  valued  at  $1,000,000. 

Beyond  this  museum  is  still  another,  dexoted  to  imitations  of  ancient 
weapons,  jewelry,  etc.,  and  to  admirable  wax  figures  from  Charlemagne, 
Barbarossa  and  Kaiser  Wilhelm,  to  the  peasantry  of  divers  provinces. 

The  management  of  this  great  enterprise  is  under  the  contrt)l  of  Mr. 
C.  B.  Schmidt,  a  nati\e  of  Saxony,  German\-,  ])ut  for  the  past  29  years  an 
American  citizen.  Mr.  Schmidt's  residence  in  America  has  been  chiefly 
in  Kansas,  where  he  was  Commissioner  of  Immigration  for  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  cv  .Santa  be  Railroad,  and  wliile  so  engaged  succeeded  in  adding 


more  than  75,000  pcoi^lc  to  that  state — a  feat  unparalleletl  in  tlie  history  of 
immitjration.  Hax'ing'  s])ent  his  entire  hfe  in  the  financial  business,  and 
being'  frequently  called  to  ILuroi)e  in  the  transaction  of  business  with  the 
foremost  financiers  of  that  countr\-,  it  was  only  natural  that  the  important 
position  of  Director-Cieneral  of  the  (ierman  Village  should  be  tendered  him, 
as  his  reputation  for  integrit\'  and  shrewd  business  judgment  is  a  fact 
thoroughh'  known  both  in  luu'ope  and  America. 


Hast  Indian  Palaci: 

Midway  Plaisance 


A  Group  of  Performers 

On  Midway  Plaisance 


HAQmBCCf^'^  A[\mA 


Probabl>-  tht  most  wontlcrful  exhibit  on  the  Fair  (irounds— the  one, 
at  least,  that  is  attracting:  most  attention— is  the  Hag:enbeck  Trained  Ani- 
mal Exhibit.  This  exhibition  was  brought  to  this  country  at  enormous  ex- 
pense by  a  corporation  with  a  capital  stock  of  $200,000,  and  of  this  concern 


S.  M.  HOFFHHIMER 
General  Manager 

Mr.  S/M.  Hoffheimer  is  the  General  Manag-er.  Opening,  as  the\'  did,  w  ith 
the  gates  of  the  Fair  on  May  1st,  the\'  ha\  e  run  continualK-  since  that  day, 
and  o\er  a  million  people  ha\e  witnessed  their  iJcrformances.  E\'ery  one 
leaving  the  building  is  an  advertisement  for  the  show.  It  is  a  re\elation  to 
see  the  antics  of  the  animals— lions  riding  on  horseback,  iumi)ing  hurdles 
and  pedestals  with  the  ease  and  grace  of  man  himself;  tigers  propelling 
\elocipedes,  tigers  on  rexoKing  globes;  bears  ow  re\ oK  ing  barrels;  trained 
pigs,  introduced  by  Mr.  J.  Beketow,  a  Russian  clown  of  international  repu- 
tation, and  a  group  of  w  ild  animals  of  twent\'  different  species  h)rming  all 
sorts  of  groups  and  p\ramids,  and  other  acts  too  numerous  to  mention  in 
this  brief  space.     Then,  the  h\e  trained  lions  undei"  the  guidance  of   Prof- 


V 


>.    ^-iiL^ 


.r- 


p! 
ill-  V  ■ 


*m^:\ 


Hagenhix'k's  Arena 


Edw".  Darling',  the  world-famed  trainer,  are,  beyond  doubt,  too  wonderful 
for  description.  The  pen  fails — they  must  be  seen.  From  their  entry  into 
the  arena,  until  they  are  drixen  out  hitched  to  a  Roman  chariot,  and  driven 
by  Mr.  Darling,  the  audiences  are  held  spell-bound.  An  exhibition  of  this 
nature  was  ne\'er  seen  before,  and  probably  ne\er  will  be  again,  unless  un- 
der Mr.  Hag-enbeck's  colors.  Nobody  has  yet  appeared  to  dispute  his  claim 
as  the  g:reatest  collector  and  trainer  of  animals  in  the  world.  As  an  evi- 
dence of  successful  results  in  the  managerial  world,  it  may  be  mentioned 


W.'\TCHING  THK  LlOX  TaMKR 
Hagenbeck's  Arena 


incidentalh'  that  from  the  \ast  multitudes  attending'  the  Hagenbeck  exhibi- 
tions, no  complaint  has  been  heard,  nobody  has  been  mistreated,  and  no  one 
leaves  their  doors  but  has  a  kind  word  to  say  for  the  show.  Mr.  Hoffheimer 
reports  a  continued  increase  in  their  attendance,  from  2,500  on  May  i,  to 
16,000  on  last  Saturday,  Sept.  23. 

It  may  be  mentioned  here  that  the  collection  of  animals  comprises  22 
lions,  8  tigers,  elephants,  bears,  leopards,  lionesses,  etc.,  monkeys  and  par- 
rots without  number,  and  12  boar-hounds,  the  like  of  which  were  never  seen 
in  America  before;  and  names  of  the  trainers  should  not  be  oxerlooked — 
Mr.  H.  Mehrmann.  Mr.  Wm.  Philadelphia,  Mr.  J.  Penje.  Miss  Ella  John- 
ston, and  Miss  Marcella  Berg. 


Professor  Edward  Darling,  a  portrait  of  whom  is  shown  herewith,  is 
certainly  one  of  the  leading-  features  of  the  great  Hagenbeck  Animal  Show 
of  Midway  Plaisance.  The  feats  performed  by  this  gentleman  are  really 
astounding,  and  the  wonderful  control  he  possesses  over  his  lions  (five  in 
number)  is  something  only  to  be  believed  when  seen,  but  his  exceptional 
ability  in  this  line  is  due  to  the  fact  that  his  entire  life  has  been  spent  in  the 
handling  of  animals  of  all  kinds.  His  father  being  a  veterinary  surgeon  it 
was  through  this  that  he  came  into  the  menagerie  business.  During  his 
services  in  the  buying  of  wild  animals  for  such  well-known  animal  dealers 
as  Hagenbeck  and  Moller,  of  Hamburg,  he  made  several  trips  to  Africa  in 


Prof.  Edw.vrd  Darling 

The  World-Famed  Trainer 


search  of  wild  beasts,  but  after  the  war  in  the  Soudan,  it  becoming  too  dan- 
gerous for  importers  to  continue  their  business  there,  he  gave  up  the  buying 
of  animals  and  engaged  in  the  show  business,  tra\'eling  through  Europe, 
India,  Australia,  and  eventually  to  America,  making  his  first  appearance 
here  three  years  ago.  Mr. -Darling  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  in  1855, 
and  has  been  training  since  he  was  22  years  of  age.  After  the  Fair,  his  in- 
tentions are  to  return  to  Hamburg  and  retire  from  business. 

Mr.  Darling  is  a  gentleman  of  great  sociability  and  sua\'it\-  of  man- 
ner, and,  noting  his  extreme. gentleness,  one  is  surprised  beyond  measure 
in  obser\'ing  his  complete  mastery  o\er  the  king  of  beasts. 


One  of  the  lar.o-est  and  most  attractive  buildins^^s  on  the  Plaisance  is 
that  of  the  "Original  Model  Vienna  Bakery,  Cafe  and  Theatre,"  occupying- 
more  than  an  acre  of  ground— a  great  three  stor>'  structure  that  includes 
under  its  ample  roof  one  of  the  finest  restaurants  in  Chicago,  besides  a  cafe, 
lunch  room  and  theatre. 

The  great  success  of  the  Vienna  Bakery  and  Cafe  at  the  Centennial 
Plxposition  warranted  its  managers  and  owners  in  making  the  greatly  larger 
outlay  and  the  much  more  complete  preparation  of  the  present  enterprise, 


Original  .M(ii)i:l  X'if.nxa  Bakp:r\'  and  Cafk 

which  is  under  the  direction  of  H.  A.  Fleischman,  and  owned  by  a  company 
officered  by  William  Loeb,  president;  S.  D.  Wyatt,  treasurer,  and  A.  Gott- 
lieb, secretary.  The  lessons  learned  by  the  management  at  the  Centennial 
have  borne  fruit,  and  in  every  part  the  Vienna  Bakery  and  Cafe  is  now  an 
ideal  World's  Fair  house. 

Of  course,  the  o\'ens  are  the  central  idea  in  such  an  en.terprise  with 
such  a  name.  And  wliat  ovens  they  are?  W'ide.  deep,  low  cells  of  vitrified 
brick  reaching  far  back  over  jackets  of  steam  and  boiling  water,  with  ther- 
mometers and  other  applumces  at  e\"ery  hand  to  regulate  just  to  a  nicety 
the  heat  and  the  work,  and  with  doors  and  lights  to  expedite  ever\'  part  of 
the  baking. 

The  bakers  and  pastry  cooks  who  work  in  the  cool,  well-lit  rooms 
about  the  bank  of  ovens  have  the  air  of  men  who  are  masters  of  their  craft, 
and  the  heaping  baskets  of  rolls  and  kukeln  and  bread  browned  to  a  warm 
autumnal  tint  that  stand  about  attest  their  art. 

But  the  bakery  is  only  part  of  the  cafe.  The  great  restaurant,  seating 
3,000  persons  at  a  time,  demands  many  other  comestibles  besides  what  is 
admittedly  the  best  breatl  in  the  workl.     The  kitcliens,  constructed  upon  the 


atest  and  best  scientific  models,  are  fully  up  to  the  lartjest  demands  that 
can  be  made  upon  them,  and  the  cordons  bleu  who  preside  therein  are  the 
autocrats  of  good  cookery. 

It  is  a  first-class  house,  and  caters  to  a  first-class  trade,  of  course,  but 
the  menus,  compared  with  those  of  the  Wellington,  Kinsleys,  or  the  Fran- 
caise  of  Chicago,  show  a  most  decided  difference  in  charges.  When  it  is 
remembered  that  the  management  must  pay  to  the  W^orld's  Fair  25  per 
cent  of  their  gross  receipts  the  public  spirit  displayed  in  the  regulation 
of  low  rates  becomes  all  the  more  apparent  and  praiseworthy. 

The  west  end  (^f  the  great  V^ienna  Bakery  building  has  been  fitted  up 
as  a  beautiful  summer  theatre,  which  is  at  once  spacious,  cool  and  con- 
venient. 

In  both  the  lunch  room  and  restaurant  are  bands  of  music  constantly 
entertaining  the  great  crowds  of  patrons  that  are  always  noticeable  in  this 
popular  resort. 


Far-Aw.w  AlosiiS  AND  Ills  Pkts 


In  thk  DAHtniEV  Village 

Midiuiv  Plaisance 


A  Group  on  Midway  Plaisance 

S/iowi/!^^  Far- Away  Moses 


TIE  IRian  VILLAQC 


AND  DONEGAL  CATTLE, 


The  Irish  \'inay;c  and  Donegal  Castle,  of  which  we  gixe  a  picturesque 
\iew,  is  one  of  the  most  popular  resorts  in  the  Plaisance.  The  villaije  was 
designed  and  erected  by  Mrs.  Ernest  Hart  as  the  exhibit  of  the  Donegal 
Industrial  Fund.  This  organization  was  founded  bN'  Mrs.  Hart  ten  years 
ago,  with  the  object  of  re\'i\ing  and  dexeloping  cottage  industries  and  hand 


Irish  X'ielage 

Showing  Donegal  Castle 

work  in  Ireland,  more  particularly  in  the  Congested  Districts  of  the  North- 
west. It  has  been  engaged  in  training  the  poor  of  Co.  Donegal,  Co.  Ar- 
magh, Co.  Antrim,  Co.  Dublin  and  elsewhere  in  Ireland,  in  their  own  homes 
and  in  small  class  rooms  and  in  work  shops,  in  the  art  of  dyeing  from 
plants,  in  spinning,  wea\-ing,  pattern  making,  the  making  of  homespuns 
and  of  the  Kell's  Art  Linens,  in  lace  making,  sewing,  sprigging,  \eining,  the 
making  of  the  "Kell's  Embroideries, "  in  draw  ing,  designing,  wood-carving 
..nd  carpentry.  Its  operations  hav'e  been  attended  with  so  much  success 
■-.nat  it  has  obtained  no  less  than  thirteen  gold  medals  and  highest  awards 
at  great  international  exhibitions  for  its  jiroducts,  where  competing  openly 
with  other  manufacturers.     At  the  great  International  Exhibition  in  Paris 


in  1889.  the  Donegal  Industrial  Fund  was  awarded  a  higher  number  of 
awards  (  namely  five  ).  than  any  British  exhibitor.  The  beauty  and  \  ariet\- 
of  the  products  of  the  D.  I.  F.  are  seen  in  the  exhibits  in  the  banqueting 
hall  of  the  Donegal  Castle.  The  unequalled  homespuns,  the  splendid  em- 
broideries, the  many  colored  and  iridescent  linens,  the  beautiful  laces,  the 
hand  sewn  lingerie,  and  the  hand  knitted  hosiery,  and  all  the  products  of 
the  uncultured  workers  tramed  through  the  teaching  and  agency  of  this 
beneficent  organization,  and  they  demonstrate  what  beautiful  and  high 
class  work  can  be  executed  by  deft  Irish  hands  and  clever  Irish  workers  if 
technically  and  practically  trained. 

Though  the  aim  is  philanthropic,  and  Mrs.  Harts  work  purely 
honorary-,  the  D.  I.  F.  is  established  on  sound  commercial  lines.  Mrs.  Hart 
being  convinced  that  this  alone  gi\  cs  the  assurance  of  permanency  and 
real  success.  In  the  cottages  scattered  around  the  picturesque  \  illage 
green  are  seen  the  whole  processes  of  manufacture,  the  dyeing,  spinning 
and  weaving  of  homespuns;  the  making  of  dainty  laces,  the  carxing  of  bog 
oak,  the  weaving  of  Kells  Linens,  the  working  of  Kells  Embroideries  and 
the  sprigging  of  handkerchiefs,  and  not  the  least  interesting  among  these 
workshops  is  the  village  smithy,  where  McLaughlin,  the  artist  blacksmith, 
hammers  out  beautiful  objects  on  the  anvil.  All  the  exhibits  are  for  sale, 
and  souvenirs  of  bog  oak,  Irish  jewelr\-,  Belfast  illustrated  books,  etc..  can 
also  be  obtained  at  the  stalls.  The  historical  and  artistic  exhibits  are 
extremely  interesting,  the  Druidical  Stones  and  early  Christian  Crosses, 
the  Round  Tower,  the  St.  Lawrence  Gate  at  Drogheda  and  Donegal 
Castle,  form  a  group  of  buildings  as  beautiful  as  interesting.  The  galler\- 
of  portraits  of  great  Irishmen,  the  statues  of  Gladstone  and  Bright  and 
Bishop  Berkely,  by  Bruce  Joy,  the  Irish  Sculptor:  the  model  of  the 
Memorial  Chapel  of  Daniel  O'Connell.  with  the  chair  and  hat  of  the  great 
Liberator,  the  paintings  by  Irish  artists,  the  pictures  of  Irish  scener>-  and 
life,  and  the  splendid  reproductions  of  ancient  Celtic  jewelrA-.  give  not  only 
beauty  and  artistic  interest  to  Donegal  Castle  but  make  it  the  representa- 
tive exhibit  of  Ireland  in  the  Worlds  Fair.  In  the  corner  of  the  Tower 
Garden  is  a  reproduction  of  the  famous  "Wishing  Chair"  of  the  Giant's 
Causeway,  which  was  formally  dedicated  by  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer,  by  moon- 
light, on  July  28th.  Here  the  patriotic  can  stand  on  Irish  soil,  can  be 
seated  on  an  actual  stone  brought  from  the  Causeway,  and  can  purchase 
the  living  green  Shamrock  of  the  "ould  sod."  All  well-wishers  of  Ireland 
will  wish  well  to  the  Donegal  Industrial  Fund  and  its  founder  for  bringing 
comfort  and  prosperity  to  many  an  Irish  home;  ever>- visitor  to  the  Irish 
\illage  and  Donegal  Castle  will  aid  the  realization  of  this  wish,  as  all  the 


3«^ 


V 

^ 


Mrs.  Ernest  Hart 

l-'oitiuicr  of  the  Dont\s;al  Industrial  l-'tind 


proceeds  of  the  Village  will  be  devoted,  after  paying  expenses,  to  the 
development  of  the  industrial  and  technical  teaching  of  the  Donegal 
Industrial  Fund,  which  has  already  achieved  so  remarkable  a  measure  of 

success. 

But  though  the  \'illage  is  so  picturesque,  and  its  historical  and  artistic  ex- 
hibits so  interesting  and  instructi\c,  the  object  is  to  bring  forward  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  cottage  industries  of  Ireland;  and  to  obtain  a  more  extended 
market  for  them  in  America.  A  retail  store  called  "Donegal  House,  the 
depot  for  Irish  Industries,'"  has  been  established  in  London  for  many 
years,  and  to  this  Mrs.  Hart  has  added  a  wholesale  warehouse  at  33 
Brewer  Street,  Golden  Speare,  London,  and  a  manufacturing  centre 
located  in  Co.  Donegal.  The  basis  of  supply  is  now  well  established 
and  organized,  and  as  the  operations  of  the  D.  I  .F.  extend  all  over 
Ireland  and  embrace  nearly  all  Irish  industries,  laces,  homespuns, 
linens,  embroideries,  etc.,  can  be  supplied  both  Avholesale  and  retail.  Orders 
for  the  products  of  the  D.  I.  F  are  being  placed  by  some  of  the  leading 
wholesale  American  houses,  and  if  the  interest  exerted  l)\-  the  Irish  \'illage 
in  Chicago,  and  the  exhibits  in  Donegal  Castle  has  the  practical  issue  in  in- 
troducing goods,  honest  and  beautiful  in  manufacture,  to  the  American 
public,  its  effect  will  ha\e  been  accomplished,  and  Irish  poxerty  \\ill  be 
cured  bv  Irish  industrw 


SiGiMUND  ZeISLER 
Secretary  Moorish  Palace 


Among-  so  many  attractions  along  Mid\va\-  Plaisancc,  there  are  none 
more  interesting  than  the  Japanese  Bazaar.  It  is  an  art  palace  in  itself, 
where  one  can  well  enjoy  a  whole  da\'  looking-  at  the  innumerable  varieties 
of  the  Japanese  g-oods.  from  the  most  expensive  pieces  of  Cloizonni,  Satsuma 
ware,  g;enuine  kaga  porcelain,  ixory  car\ing,  silk  handkerchiefs,  lacquer 
ware,  white  metal  work,  etc.,  etc.,  down  to  bamboo  work,  paper  g;oods,  teas, 
toys  and  bric-a-brac  of  every  description.  In  this  most  interesting  bazaar 
where  there  are  so  many  things  to  tempt  the  buyer,  tlie  management  have 
seen  fit  to  place  the  prices  at  such  a  scale  that  most  anyone  can  afford  to  carry 
away  some  of  the  many  souvenirs  to  be  had  here.  Every  lover  of  Japanese 
goods  ought  to  put  aside  a  day  exclusively  for  \isiting  this  bazaar.     The 


Irish  Village 

S/iowinj^  Blarney  Castle  in  the  Distance 

bazaar  is  under  the  entire  control  of  the  Japanese  people  themselves,  and 
all  of  them,  being  well  educated,  speak  fluently  the  English  language,  thus 
making  it  a  pleasure  indeed  to  make  purchases  from  them. 

The  Irish  Industrial  Village  and  Blarney  Castle,  exhibited  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Countess  of  Aberdeen,  contains  many  features  of  interest 
to  a  World's  Eair  visitor.  Here  is  shown  the  many  different  Irish  indus- 
tries, such  as  needle  point  lace  making,  crochet  work  and  the  weaxing  of 
homespuns,  knitting,  etc.  The  dairy  exhibit  is  shown,  as  is  also  bog  oak 
carving,  embroidery,  etc.  Taken  all  together  it  is  a  place  one  would  M'ish 
to  visit. 

In  great  contrast  to  the  natixcs  of  Dahomey  is  the  International  Dress 
and  Costume  Exhibit,  where  is  shown  costumes  and  faces  of  the  pretty 
ladies  from  40  nations. 


Scene  in  the  "SiREEr  in  Cairo" 

Midway  Plaisanci: 

The  Columbian  Guard  is  a  body  of  men  made 
up  t)f  all  classes  and  professions,  and  to  some  of 
them  the  rigid  rules  of  army  discipline  are  vexa- 
tious, to  say  the  least,  being  as  they  are,  familiar 
onl\'  with  ci\il  life;  but  in  the  majority-  of  cases, 
the  army  officers  who  are  in  command  of  these 
guards  fulK-  recognize  and  appreciate  this  fact, 
and  use  an  amount  of  leniency  that  would  not 
be  tolerated  in  the  Regular  Army  ser\-ice. 

Occupying  an  important  command  of  the 
Columbian  Guard  is  Captain  William  M.  Swaine, 
Capt.  \\\m.  M.  Swaine.  an  officer  and  a  gentleman,  well  liked  on  the 
Midway  Plaisance  for  his  general  efficiency-  in  caring  for  the  interests  of 
the  concessionaires.  Captain  Swaine  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy 
in  1886,  and  Mas  appointed  Second  Lieutenant  of  the  22d  Infantry.  In 
November,  1891,  he  was  i)romoted  to  First  Lieutenant  in  the  same  regi- 
ment. About  the  middle  of  July,  1893,  he  was  appointed  Captain  of  Com- 
pany No.  37  of  the  Columbian  Guard,  with  station  in  the  Anthropological 
and  Forestry  Buildings.  On  September  4th,  he  was  assigned  to  the  more 
important  command  of  Company  No.  29,  stationed  in  Midway  Plaisance. 
Captain  Swaine  is  constantly  mo\-ing  around  among  the  guards,  who  are  on 
post,  questioning  and  instructing  them  in  their  duties. 


The  Street  in  Cairo,  one  of  the  leadinti'  attractions  of  the  Plaisance, 
contains  Eg'yptian  stores,  in  which  is  sold  wares  of  every  description  per- 
taining" to  that  country,  a  theatre,  temple,  etc.  Visitors  have  s^reat  sport 
here  in  the  ridiny;  of  donkeys  and  camels. 

The  Algerian  and  Tunisian  V'illag^e  is  peopled  with  natives  from  Alge- 
ria and  Tunis;  they  ha\e  a  large  bazaar  and  theatre. 

Javanese  \Tllage  is  a  bamboo  enclosure,  showing  a  number  of  huts 
where  natives  of  Java  are  employed  in  the  various  species  of  handicraft 
followed  in  their  far  away  islands.  Several  views  of  the  same  are  shown  in 
this  book. 


P.c.vi'TiAX  Woman 

street  in  Cairo 


Directly  opposite  Old  \  ienna  is  the  Wah  Mee  Expositi(Mi  Company's 
exhibit,  consisting  of  the  Chinese  Theatre,  Temple  of  Worship,  Chinese 
Tea  Garden  and  Cafe,  and  a  Chinese  Bazaar,  all  under  the  management  of 
Mr.  H.  Sling.  This  \ery  interesting  exhibit  was  brought  here  at  a  cost  of 
about  $100,000.  The\'  ha\e  here  a  Chinese  Oi)era,  imported  direct  from 
China,  especially  for  the  World's  Fair.  In  the  Joss  IT)use  is  shown  repre- 
sentations of  Chinese  life,  dating  4000  years  back,  showing  both  in  scenerv 
and  figures  their  religious  beliefs,  mode  of  punishment  and  general  way  of 
li\  ing.  The  many  wonderful  articles  of  merchandise  sold  in  the  bazaar 
are  in  themseh^es  something  that  sln)uld  be  seen  l)\'  all  World's  Pair  \isitors. 


The  East  Indian  Palace,  owned  by  Messrs.  Ardeshir  &  Byramji,  is  a 
very  unique  and  most  interesting  exhibit.  These  gentlemen  are  familiar 
with  the  peculiarities  of  Exposition  \isitors,  having  attended  all  the  prin- 
cipal expositions  throughout  Europe,  and  have  therefore  placed  on  sale  a 
collection  seldom  if  ever  seen  outside  of  India.  These  goods  consist  of 
black  wood  and  sandal  wood  furniture,  boxes,  tables,  chairs,  etc.,  and  cash- 
mere, venares  and  Moradabad  brass  and  copper  hand-chased  and  enam- 
eled vases,  pots,  etc.  They  show  also  a  large  assortment  of  shawls,  table 
covers  and  cushions,  silverware,  jewelry,  old  battle  axes,  arms,  and  idols. 
In  addition  to  their  exhibit  on  Midway  they  have  one  also  in  the  Manu- 
factures Building. 


A  Group  of  Javane.se 

The  American  Indian  Village  consists  of  a  number  of  North  Ameri- 
can Indians,  who  give  their  war  dances,  etc. 

The  California  Ostrich  Earm  have  on  exhibition  28  live  ostriches,  and 
to  see  them  is  a  study  in  natural  history. 

Near  the  west  end  of  Midway  is  an  attractive  exhibit  showing  Sitting 
Bull's  log  cabin,  together  with  a  tribe  of  Sioux  Indians,  prominent  among 
w^hom  is  that  celebrated  Chief,  Rain-in-the-Face,  of  Custer  massacre  fame. 
A  very  interesting  collection  of  relics  is  shown. 

Panorama  of  Pompeii  is  a  representation  of  the  city  of  Pompeii  be- 
fore its  destruction  in  the  year  63,  and  as  it  is  to-day. 


The  Exhibit  of  tlic  Lihijy  (ihiss  Works  is  at  once  interesting:  and  in- 
structive, meeting-  not  only  the  demands  of  the  curiosity  hunters,  but  those 
of  the  student  as  w  ell.  I3ay  and  night  the  g:lass  factory  is  shown  in  its  full 
operation  and  is  a  g-reat  educator  of  one  of  the  oldest  of  arts.  While  an  ad- 
mission fee  of  ID  cents  is  charg-ed,  a  rebate  of  that  amount  is  g:iven  on  the 
purchasing:  of  any  article,  practically  making-  the  admission  free.  The 
structure  occupied  b>-  this  exhibit  is  \ery  pretty  indeed,  being-  one  of  the 
most  commanding-  in  appearance  of  all  the  building's  on  Midway.     E\-ery 


A  'liun  ()!■  SiNGER.s  IX  Old  Vienn.v 

thing:  seen  in  a  reg:ular  glass  factory  is  here  shown— the  roaring-  furnaces 
contain  the  crucibles  for  fusion  of  the  materials  that  i)roduce  the  g-lass,  the 
finished  cut  g;lass  specimens,  with  glass  house  or  blowing"  room,  in  fact 
nothing  is  omitted.  The  furnace  in  the  centre  of  the  blowing  room  is  lOO 
feet  high  and  has  a  base  of  25  feet  in  diameter. 

The  Diamond  Match  Compan>-  has  a  \  ery  unique  exhibit,  showing  the 
method  pursued  in  the  manufacture  of  matches. 

The  Cyclorama  of  the  Bernese  Alps  is  an  exceptionally  fine  represen- 
tation of  those  famous  peaks. 


The  Lapland  \'illage  is  very  interestin<i',  showing  the  Hfe  of  the 
Laplander.  The  exhibit  consists  of  tepees,  doys,  reindeer,  and  the  Lap- 
landers themselves. 

The  Turkish  X'illa.oe  is  composed  of  bazaars,  theatres,  temple  of 
worship,  restaurants,  etc.  The  original  Turkish  Theatre,  under  the  man- 
ag-ement  of  the  Messrs.  Maghgabhgab  is  very  interesting,  as  in  this  theatre 
is  given  a  genuine  performance  of  a  Turkish  drama.  The  play  is  inter- 
preted throughout,  so  that  persons  visiting  it  have  a  thorough  understand- 
ing of  the  plot  of  the  play.    The  cost  of  the  theatre  was  about  $10,000. 

A  unique  exhibit  is  the  one  made  by  Mr.  George  Washington 
Childs.  of  Philadelphia,  of  the  Workingman's  Home.  It  \\ill  interest  not 
only  the  laboring  classes,  but  all  i)ersons  interested  in  social  economics. 

Exhibit  No.  4  is  the  California  Nursery  and  Citrous  Tree  Exhibit,  con- 
sisting of  orange  and  lemon  trees  which  show  green  and  ripe  fruit  and 
blossoms,  all  on  the  same  trees. 

Ottoman's  Arab  Camp,  known  as  the  Wild  East  Show,  is  in  the  ex- 
treme West  end  of  the  Plaisance,  and  the  performances  here  given  are  feats 
of  horsemanship  and  daring  of  the  Bedouin  Arabs. 

The  Venice-Murano  Glass  Exhibit  consists  of  a  complete  furnace 
showing  the  production  of  fancy  blown  glass,  besides  the  workshop  for 
monumental  decorative  Mosaic  \\x)rk. 


JT      (     J^tL.     \\-  rhoto  l)v  C.iljsou 

.  J.  liIHSON 

Official  l'<iytrait  Photographer  of  the  ITorld's  Columbian  Exposition 

Lt)calcd  in  the  I 'air  grounds,  near  the  62d  Street  entrance,  i.s  the  offi- 
cial portrait  photograph  gallery  of  the  Exposition.  Mr.  J.  J.  Gibson,  of 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  is  the  official  photographer.  The  work  turned  out  by 
this  gentleman  is  the  finest  product  of  the  science  of  photography,  and  in 
marked  contrast  to  the  high  prices  governing  most  World's  Fair  articles, 
he  is  \ery  moderate  in  his  charges.  He  is  an  artist  of  exceptional  ability, 
having  in  every  instance  received  medals  of  award  wherever  his  photo- 
graphs have  been  placed  on  competitive  exhibition,  and  the  fact  that  he 
succeeded  in  securing  the  honor  of  Official  Portrait  Photographer  over  his 
many  rivals  pro\'es  the  high  esteem  in  which  he  is  held  by  the  officials  of  the 
Exposition.  In  the  operation  of  his  gallery  he  is  most  ably  assisted  by 
his  wife,  who  is  also  his  partner,  she  being  at  all  times  courteous  and  oblig- 
ing under  the  many  perplexities  encountered  in  the  reception  room  of  a 
gallery  doing  so  large  a  business  as  here  done.  His  large  corps  of  assist- 
ants are  noted  for  their  ability.  The  making  of  the  thousands  of  pass- 
photos  is  very  perplexing,  as  many  as  1,500  being  made  in  a  da\',  the\-  being- 
made  simply  for  purposes  of  identification  do  not  in  an\-  w  a\-  represent  the 
excellent  photos  made  by  Mr.  Gibson,  for  aside  from  the  contract  for  mak- 
ing the  pass-photos  he  has  also  the  concession  for  making  Portraits  of  Fair 
visitors,  of  which  he  does  a  \ery  large  business.  I  le  has  made  photos  of 
all  the  noted  pc()i)le  of  the  Fair  and  the  Plaisance,  copies  of  whom  he  will 
have  on  sale  during  and  after  the   Expositioii. 


H.  Horkhind,  Printer    Geo.  Rlekiuist.  Keioucher     T.J.  Boyce.  Retoucher     S.  D.  Wardlaw.  Operator    C.  Karus.  Finisher 

Fred  Keiitschler.  Operator     Mrs.  Gibsun.  Manager    J.J.  Gibson,  Proprietor     Chas.  A.  Schaldenbrand,  Printer 

Miss  M.  Burt,  Reception  Room  I,ady        Miss  R.  Reutschler.  Reception  Room  Lady 


Official  Portrait  T'iiotograi'hf.r  and  Corps  of  Assistants 


Court  oi-  Honor 

Showing  MacMonnies  Fountain 


4^«^HE  giant  of  the  Exposition — indeed,  the  Brobdingnagian 
\^  of  all  expositions,  for  it  is  the  largest  structure  e\'er 
reared  for  a  world's  fair — is  the  Manufactures  and  Lib- 
eral Arts  Building,  measuring  1688  feet  by  788  feet,  and  cover- 
ing more  than  thirty-one  acres.  The  main  roof,  which  is  of 
iron  and  glass,  alone  arches  an  area  385  by  1,400  feet.  A  gal- 
lery, which  extends  around  all  four  sides  of  this  great  structure, 
gives  more  than  eight  additional  acres  for  exhibits. 


;     s//2oQuYc:((fcjrr3  ^•"^Jjhcri^J  S^ro 


Although  this  building  is  so  huge,  the  skill  of  the  architect, 
George  B.  Post,  of  New  \'ork,  has  gi\en  it  a  remarkable  sym- 
metry, and  as  an  architectural  triumph  as  well  as  for  its  import- 
ance in  other  respects,  it  is  worthy  of  the  conspicuous  place 
given  it  on  the  grounds,  facing  the  Lake,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  lawns  and  promenades.  The  building  is  in  the  Cor- 
inthian style  of  architecture,  and  in  purely  classic  lines  excels 
all  others  on  the  grounds.  Its  long  lines  of  columns  and 
arches,  are  relieved  by  ornamentation  of  female  figures. 


1 — 'xcMi-LKD  in  appearance  onh'  l)>- the  Atlniinistration  Build- 
P  intj,  Machinery  Hall,  occupying"  a  space  850  by  500  feet 
is  at  the  south  end  of  the  Park,  midway  l)et\veen  the 
lake  and  west  line.  Adding:  the  Annex  on  the  west,  which 
covers  between  four  and  fi\'e  acres,  its  lencrth  is  increased  to 
1400  feet,  making  it  after  the  gig'antic  Manufactures  Building, 
the  largest  building  on  the  Exposition  grounds.  Peabody  & 
Stearns,  of  Boston,  the  architects,  ha\e,  ai)propriately  to  the 


^ac/;>^!;c^^: 


historical  associations  of  the  Exposition,  in  the  details,  copied 
the  renaissance  of  Spanish  towns.  This  imposing  building 
and  the  Administration  and  Agricultural  Buildings  make  an 
architectural  display  of  great  magnificence. 

The  cost  of  this  structure  was  $1,000,000.  Machinery  Hall, 
in  its  ample  proportions,  with  its  stately  architecture,  is  indeed 
worthy  to  be  the  scene  of  the  display  of  the  marvels  of  this 
most  marvelous  age  of  mechanical  triumphs. 


ETWEEN  the  Horticultural  and  Mines  and  Mining  Build- 
ings lies  the  Transportation  Building.  In  style,  savoring 
of  the  Romanesque,  it  is  exquisitely  simple  in  architect- 
ural effect,  yet,  very  rich  and  elaborate  in  detail.  Seen  from 
the  Lagoon,  its  cupola  will  make  the  most  striking  effect  of 
the  north  quadrangle,  while  from  the  cupola  itself,  which  will 
be  reached  by  eight  elevators,  the  Northern  Court,  the  most 
beautiful  of  all  the  effects  of  the  Exposition,  will  be  seen  in  its 


most  favorable  aspect.  As  a  whole  the  building  will  consist  of 
a  continuous  arcade,  with  subordinated  colonnade  and  entab- 
lature, pierced  by  many  minor  entrances,  about  which,  will  be 
grouped  terraces,  seats,  drinking  fountains  and  statues.  The 
exhibits  will,  of  course,  include  everything  of  whatsoever  kind 
or  sort  that  has  to  do  with  transportation,  from  the  frail  and 
lovely  baby  carriage  to  the  massive  and  most  heavily  built  of 
railway  engines.  Mr.  Willard  A.  Smith  is  the  Chief  of  the 
Transportation  Department,  which  was  organized  July  27,  1891 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

405  Hilgard  Avenue,  Los  Angeles,  CA  90024-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library 

from  which  it  was  borrowed. 


r^    OCT  05 

AUG  04  X^ot 


^  APR  15  1996 


'mis  1991 
^  3 1 1997 

'^HC'D  LD-URL 


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